Toluidine blue, aniline blue and sperm chromatin distribution with tests of sperm DNA damage ratio comparison

Men factor is the only basic reason, in almost 20 percent of infertile couples. There are more studies about DNA integrity in order to separate infertile an fertile men from each other. Entrity of spermatozoa chromatin, especially at the ICSI implementations, has an important role in fertilization achievement. Ratio of spermatozoa DNA damage high in infertile men, however this is related inversely to success ratio of asisted reproductive technique. There are some tests to find spermatozoa DNA damage in assisted reproductive techniques. Spermatozoa DNA damage can be evaluated with aniline blue, toluidine blue and sperm chromatin dispersion tests. Toluidine blue is the basic color evaluate sperm chromatin integrity. Wead-packed chromatin or spermatoza DNA's phosphate residue which have damaged DNA at nucleus tend to join basic color like toludine blue. For this reason, while damaged spermatozoa is being staining with blue, in light microscope, normal spermatozoa will remain colorless. This test is stated as a sensitive test for DNA structure and packing. Aniline blue is the asidic color that is used to evaluate spermatozoa chromatin integrity. Spermatozoa which has DNA damage frequently reveal residual histones. These residual histones cause weak chromatine packing, main nucleoprotein to reach easily and the tendency of connecting to asidic color like aniline blue. Aniline blue is the color which evaluate not only condonsation abnormal but also its morphology. As a result of mature sperm head staining with aniline, light blue, immature sperm heads is painted dark blue. Sperm chromatin dispersion test is based on principle that is induced condensation principle related to sperm DNA fragmentation directly. Spermatozoa including fragmented DNA are the spermatozoa which have small halo or not having halo at all. This test indicate ratio of DNA's fragmentation in spermatozoa. In this project, we objective to compare spermatozoa DNA damage ratio of infertile men by using test of toluidine blue, aniline blue and sperm chromatine dispersion.