Relationships between society culture, organizational culture and leadership: A research on Türkiye, China, and America

In this study, the relationship between culture and leadership examined at the society and organizational levels which also included detail analyze of the relationship between society culture, organizational culture and leadership in many different countries and organizations. Within the scope of the study, researches that form the theoretical foundations of culture and leadership were examined and leadership approaches in various cultures were evaluated. Although questions about whether leadership depends on culture from past to present are increasing, it has been seen that there is a need for micro studies that take regional differences into account. To test the hypotheses, data obtained electronically from 397 people in managerial positions at businesses in Türkiye, America and China, three countries with different society cultures and business behavior, were subjected to structural equation modeling analysis, correlation analysis and variance tests. As a result of hypothesis tests; The proposition that leadership is an approach that depends on both society culture and organizational culture has been confirmed. Again, the hypothesis that leaders influence organizational cultures by giving direction to their followers has been confirmed. It has also been observed that society culture influences organizational culture and that organizations are not autonomous from the societies that exist within them. On the other hand, in Türkiye and China, there have been major changes in terms of society culture compared to previous studies, contrary to expectations, the level of transformational leadership in American culture was not significantly higher than other cultures, transformational leadership was higher in Turkish culture, and the relationship between society culture and the relevant organization is not always as expected.