Potent elements in semigroups of transformations
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Abstract (EN)
Let Pn and Tn denote the semigroup of all partial transformations and the semigroup of all transformations on the set Xn ={1,2,?,n}, respectively. Let On and Dn denote the semigroup of all order-preserving elements of Tn and the semigroup of all order-decreasing elements of Tn, respectively. Let Cn = On ? Dn.We give formulas for the number of m-potent elements, the number of (m, r)-potent elements and the number of m-nilpotent elements of the semigroup Pn. We show that the number of elements of On which has exactly m fixed points is the coefficient of xn-m in f 2m(x) where f (x) is the generating function of the Catalan numbers. Moreover, we compute the coefficient of xn in f m(x) for given n,m ? N.Let us define the setsCn,r = {? ? On : ? is s-potent where s ? r and Fix (?) = {1}},Wn,r = {? ? On : ? is s-potent where s ? r and |Fix (?)| = 1},Un,r = {? ? On : ? is s-potent where s ? r}.Cn,r forms a subsemigroup of the semigroup On. Let us denote the generating sets of the numbers |Cn,r|, |Wn,r|, |Un,r| by Cr (x), Wr (x), Ur (x), respectively. Also we denote the set of ordered trees with depth at most r and n number of nodes by ?n,r. We establish some relations among the functions Cr (x), Wr (x), Ur (x) and thereby among the numbers |Cn,r|, |Wn,r|, |Un,r|. We establish a bijective correspondence between Cn,r and ?n,r. Besides, we obtain formulas for Cr (x), Wr (x), Ur (x).
Author
Orhan Sönmez
How to Cite
Orhan Sönmez (Doctorate thesis). Potent elements in semigroups of transformations, 2010, Çukurova University.
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