Comparative analysis of countries' PISA achievement rankings and global knowledge index rankings with CRITIC-based PROMETHEE method

Countries that want to transform into economies that use knowledge in every sense have become fiercely competing to develop effective tools, methods, strategies and policies to train and develop their human capital as well as their physical infrastructure in a way that will provide countries with a competitive advantage in a modern and globalized economic order. In accordance with this information, it is important to evaluate the qualified human capital of countries comparatively at the international level, to establish a global standard and to achieve this value. In particular, the aim of the study is to make OECD member country and Turkey, which are the first and last 10 successful OECD member countries in the last three PISA applications (2015-2018-2022), undergo a re-evaluation and alternative evaluation according to the Global Information Index data. The thesis study is presented under 6 sections. While the introduction and conceptual framework are given in the first three sections, the CRITIC and PROMETHEE applications are given in the fourth section, the results and suggestions in the fifth section and finally the resources are given. In the alternative evaluation, the criterion weighting process for both PISA and GKI data was performed first by the CRITIC method. The PROMETHEE method was used to perform alternative evaluation and to obtain new rankings. As a result of the evaluation conducted with the 2015-2018-2022 PISA data for the selection of countries to be evaluated by GKI performances, Turkey has underperformed. In the alternative ranking, where Japan was the first Dec, Estonia was the second and South Korea was the third, Turkey left Greece, Chile, Colombia and Mexico behind and became the 33rd among OECD countries. For GKI 2023, the most effective criteria for the performance of the countries determined by the CRITIC method were Technical and Vocational Education and Training with a weight value of 22% and Favorable Environment criteria with a weight value of 15%. The most ineffective criterion is the Higher Education criterion with a weight value of 11.4%. Turkey is 18th in the alternative evaluation conducted with GKI 2023 data for 20 countries determined as a result of the alternative evaluation in the last three PISA applications. has been. Greece and Chile, which Turkey left behind in the PISA assessment, are in a better position than Turkey in the GKI 2023 alternative assessment. Turkey is in the last four places among the OECD and designated countries. Dec. Turkey's GKI performance remained below both the world average and the OECD and the average of the determined countries. Turkey, which ranks 60th in the world in the GKI report, was able to leave only Mexico behind among the OECD countries and the designated countries. Dec. Although Turkey is not at the desired level, the sectoral index in which it is most successful is technical, vocational education and training. The most important sectoral index that Turkey needs to improve is higher education. As a result of the two alternative evaluation methods conducted with the PISA data of the last three cycles and the GKI 2023 data, it is observed that Turkey is not at the desired level. It is noticeable that Turkey is not in close competition with the European Union countries, but rather, in both assessments, it is in competition with Greece, Chile, Mexico and Colombia. It has been concluded that countries mostly carry their achievements in PISA applications to GKI 2023 performances as well. In order to guide similar studies in line with these results, recommendations have been developed specifically for the responsible ministries, institutions and organizations in order to improve the current situation.