Investigation of the Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach subsp. bornmuelleriana (Mattf) Coode&Cullen forests in Uludag (Bursa) in terms of plant soci̇ology

This study included that Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana forests in Uludag (Bursa) which is the highest mass of the Marmara Region in terms of plant sociology. The research area is 1220.1 hectares and the study was conducted using 68 sample areas. In the study, the Braun-Blanquet method was applied. Both classical and numerical methods were used to determine the vegetation of the sample areas. As a result of the research, 1 new plant association has been identified as a new record for the scientific world. Habitat and silvicultural characteristics, physiognomy and distribution characteristics of the new union were determined. This unity and its systematic units are as follows; Querco-Fagea Fukarek-Fabijanik 1968 Quercetea pubescentis (Ober 1948) Doing Kraft. 1955 Querco-Carpinetalia orientalis Akman et al., 1980 Buxo-Staphyllion Quezel, Barbero & Akman 1977 Hieracio leptodermo-Abietetum bornmuellerianae (ass.nova) Statistical features of sampling areas and taxa were obtained by using numerical methods. Sample areas were divided into 5 groups and dendrogram was obtained. Fidelity tables were created to obtain the Diagnostic species, Constant species and dominant species of the groups. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables; height, the relationship with the tree layer cover is weak, there is no relationship with the shrub layer cover, the relationship with grass layer cover is very weak, the relationship with open rock cover is weak, there is no relationship with tree height and average grass height. Aspect and slope are not related to other variables. Additionally, 64 species and subspecies taxa were determined that belonging to 26 families and 52 genera in the study areas. Most families have 5 taxons and rates; Asteraceae %13%, Lamiaceae and Ericaceae 8%, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae 6%. The distribution of these taxa into phytogeographical regions; 41 taxa (64.06%) belong to Euro-Siberia, 6 taxa (9.38%) Mediterranean, 1 taxa (1.56%) belong to Iran-Turanian region, the number of unknowns is 16 (25%). The taxa in the sample areas are classified according to Raunkier Life Form; 1 (2%) taxa Terofit, 4 (6%) taxa Kamofit, 7 (11%) taxa Phanerophite, 12 (19%) taxa Cryptophite and 40 (62%) taxa Hemicryptophite. 8 of the identified taxa are endemic and the rate of all taxa is 12,50%.