Evaluation of the impact of universities on cities

Universities are institutions that affect the city where they are located and are affected by the characteristics of the city and society. Universities show their effects on the city in physical, social, cultural and economic terms. In this study, the interaction of universities with the city under current conditions and in the process has been examined, and the stages of the physical planning process that should be followed in order to realise this interaction in a positive way have been put forward. The historical development of the university-city relationship was analysed with examples from the world and our country. Subsequently, the effects of universities on the city are evaluated in terms of physical, social, cultural and economic aspects. The physical planning process is important for the successful establishment of university-city interaction. For this reason, the physical planning approach and stages of university buildings are mentioned. The physical planning approach is examined under three headings as organisational planning, reorganisational planning and transformational planning approach. The relationship between these approaches and the upper scale environmental plans of the cities is questioned. The stages of physical planning are analysed in three stages: pre-programming-schematic development plan, land selection and final development plan. A schematic development plan is created with the data taken into consideration in the pre-programming process and then land selection is made. Land selection strategies of university buildings vary depending on multiple parameters. After the site selection, the final stage is the final development plan. This stage includes the location of the university building, its relationship with its immediate surroundings, activities at the university, infrastructure decisions, establishment principles, development opportunities, and phasing decisions. Taking all these factors into consideration, a field study was conducted at Kadir Has University and Yeditepe University. Kadir Has University Cibali education structure was selected as an example of an urban university located in the city centre, directly affecting the region where it is located, following a transformational planning approach; Yeditepe University was selected as an example of a campus that was built from scratch with an organisational planning approach, away from the city centre, incorporating multiple functions and showing urban prototype characteristics. The planning approaches of the universities and the situations brought about by the land choices have been evaluated, suggestions have been made.