The role of serum trefoil factor 3 level in the determination of prognosis and mortality in upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhages

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common cause of emergency department visits and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalizations. Each year, 7000 patients are admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding . Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is bleeding originating from the ligament of Treitz. The most common cause is peptic ulcer bleeding. Other etiological causes include esophageal varices, duodenal ulcers, esophagitis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome and gastritis. The overall mortality rate in patients hospitalized with acute gastrointestinal bleeding varies between 7-8 percent . Factors that increase the risk of mortality are age over 65, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, oral anticoagulants, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs . Various scoring systems are used to estimate mortality or endoscopic intervention in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. These are the Glasgow Blatchford and Rockall scoring systems . In the endoscopic risk scoring system, the forrest classification system is useful in determining the need for endoscopy . Our study aimed to investigate Trefoil Factor 3 as a prognostic biomarker in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. We compared the patient and control groups with the idea that Trefoil Factor 3 could be used in the follow-up of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Our study was planned as a single-center, cross-sectional clinical study and was to be conducted between 15.12.2024 and 15.03.2024 on patients who applied to the Adult Emergency Department of Trakya University Health Research and Application Center. A total of 46 patients diagnosed with acute upper gastrointestinal and 30 healthy volunteers for the control group were included in the thesis study. Significant data were obtained as a result of the receiver operating characteristic analysis applied to evaluate the success of serum trefoil factor 3 in predicting mortality. According to the results of simple logistic regression analysis, the effect of serum trefoil factor 3 on mortality was found to be significant. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was found that trefoil factor 3 showed good performance in distinguishing between sick and healthy individuals.