Determination of the effects of endophytic bacteria andbiochar applications on the biological parameters of Aphisfabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and plant growth in commonbean cultivated under field conditions in Van

This study investigates the effects of endophytic bacteria (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria – PGPR) and biochar applications under field conditions in Van province on the biological parameters of the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli, Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the growth characteristics of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., Fabaceae). The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design, with treatments consisting of biochar, PGPR, their combinations, and control groups. Life table parameters of A. fabae, including development time, fecundity, reproductive capacity, and longevity, as well as population parameters, were evaluated using TWOSEX-MSChart software and bootstrap analysis. In addition, morphological traits of the plant such as chlorophyll content, fresh and dry shoot weight, fruit weight, and fruit number were measured. The results revealed that the combined application of biochar and endophytic bacteria significantly reduced aphid population growth and fecundity. Moreover, these applications showed positive effects on certain plant growth parameters. The findings indicate that the integration of PGPR and biochar may serve as an ecological alternative within the scope of sustainable agriculture.