A Philosophical Inquiry Into the Power and Limits of Artificial Intelligence: John Searle

In this dissertation, the capacity of artificial intelligence to represent the human mind will be examined from a philosophical perspective. Our primary aim in this study is to demonstrate that artificial intelligence cannot fully imitate the subjective, conscious, and qualitative aspects of the human mind. In the first stage, we will analyze the historical development of the concept of artificial intelligence, its fundamental approaches, and computational models of the mind. In this context, we will evaluate the methods developed in fields such as human-like behavior, problem-solving ability, natural language processing, and machine learning. In the second stage, we will question the cognitive foundations of artificial intelligence from epistemological and ontological perspectives. We will attempt to analyze the complex structure of the human mind through neuroscientific, psychological, representational, and connectionist models. In the third stage, we will examine the subject of artificial intelligence more deeply within the framework of John Searle's theory of biological naturalism. Focusing on consciousness, qualia, and criticisms of functionalism, we will discuss the limits of artificial intelligence in light of Searle's Chinese Room Argument. In this section, we will also consider various counter-arguments, such as the systems reply, the robot reply, and the brain simulator reply. Finally, we will address the problem of mental causation in accordance with Searle's approach. We will examine the ethical and causal dimensions of artificial intelligence within the framework of the problem of causal exclusion and the explanation of human behavior. The overall goal of our dissertation will be to demonstrate that artificial intelligence cannot represent the deep structural characteristics and conscious experience of the human mind. Through this study, we plan to reach the conclusion that artificial intelligence can only imitate functional processes but cannot attain the unique, conscious, and holistic nature of the human mind.