Management to governance timer: Examples of applications in the local governance area of governance in Turkey

The New Public Administration approach began to dominate public administration in the 1980s following the loss of traditional public administration's importance and competence. The understanding of New Public Administration that emerged as a criticism of the practices of the traditional public administration envisaged a flexible, market-oriented, open, and transparent public administration in the public sector, which defends minimal state rather than the strict, closed, hierarchical public administration approach adopted by the Weberian bureaucracy model. It emphasized the necessity of adapting private sector management techniques to the public to ensure efficiency and productivity in the public sector. It meets the increasing demands of citizens by providing quality goods and services. As the new public administration approach cannot fully meet the expected demands and is insufficient in specific issues, the understanding of the necessity of strengthening the communication between citizens and the state in the new world order has revealed 'Governance' as an approach that is based on active participation and expediency of the citizen in the public administration. Governance aims to involve people from various segments of society in mutual communication and interaction such as government, private sector, people, non-governmental organization, professional groups, and so on, thereby foreseeing a multi-actor administration structure. In this context, we can say that there is a trend from "administration" to "governance" in the public administration. Governance refers to mutual administration and joint administration. The state was the only effective structure with the traditional public administration approach. Thanks to the New Public Administration, the state's only effective structure was broken, and the private sector was included in the system. Due to the governance, citizens were included in the state-private sector system as a third actor, and transition to a multi-actor management structure was achieved. Governance is a more comprehensive and advanced version of the New Public Administration approach; in other words, it is a top model administration. Key Words: Change, Traditional Public Administration, New Public Administration, Governance, Local Governance