Nigeria
213 theses under this subject heading
Corporate social resposibility and financial performance in developing economy: The Nigeria banking sector experience
The concept of corporate social responsibility is an emerging management philosophy which describes how corporations adopt social factors to their commercial operations without jeopardizing the interest of its investors and other stakeholders. It is based on this premises that the researcher seek to review and evaluate the contributions and effects of CSR in the modern day business performance especially from the developing economies perspectives, which has limited researches and literatures due to the fact that most writers believed the concept is more prominent with the west and developed economies. The concept of CSR in management emanated from the need to address corporate governance, corporate sustainability, corporate citizenship and also ensure smooth communication and relationships amongst its stakeholders. To some scholars CSR is just one aspect of marketing management which addresses how the corporation relates to its public called public relations in a bid to satisfy the stakeholders of the organization which includes the customers, the NGOs, and the host community. The case of Nigeria in this thesis is of important on CSR perspective in Africa because Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa and with the biggest market. Also, banking sector is an important sector which oil the wheel of the economy because Nigeria and most African Nations are import base economy with limited productive activities. The study then focus on how the incorporations of CSR concept into the policy thrust of bank in Nigeria affects their profitability using Return on Asset, Return on Equity and Profit after Tax as dependent variables, while the CSR engagement of the bank taking from the stakeholders perspectives are use as the independent variables. Key Words: Corporate Social Responsibility, Developing Economies, Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Profitability, Stakeholders, Corporate Citizenship, Corporate sustainability
Market analysis and forecasting of oil and gas (lubricant) management in Nigeria: A case study of grand petroleum
This thesis has two main parts; the first part is the production market analysis of lubricant products and the second one is to use actual data to forecast the future production rate. In the first section, different products of Ground Petroleum Nigeria Limited are introduced. In addition, production processes, product characteristics and quality control techniques are discussed.In the forecasting part, SPSS software is used to predict the production rate of selected five products for 2014. Based on the results it is possible to conclude that, there is an increase in production and product demand.
Globalization and the challenges of 3rd world countries: A case study of nigerian security challenges
The crux of the matter in this study piece is to examine the nexus between Globalization and the Challenges of 3rd world Countries focusing on Nigerian security challenges as a case study. Since the twentieth century, intensifying global transformations have being recognized as a condition that has breed struggle for society leadership and cultural leadership which has led to spread of religious extremism of the jihadist, Al-Qaeda, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS),Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram Islamic sect movements to name a few. In the United States, there was the Al-Qaeda terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre on September 11, 2001 and similar attacks in Britain, Spain and other parts of Europe within the same period of time which have made the act of terrorism to be having a global awareness. Since 2001 till the period of this work, there has being various form of sectarian clashes across local societies, namely in Iraq, Syria and various parts in Africa, including Nigeria. All connected to the spread of international security challenge around the globe. In Nigeria, the Niger Delta Militants and the Boko Haram have been threatening Nigerian national unity with their own preferences in political system and religious believes, but now all are sharing into thesame ideology of embarking on national and global security threats. In this study, the nexus between the globalization process and the security challenges of Third World Countries will be examined through an explanatory analysis.
Luxury fashion market in nigeria: the impact of consumers' socio-economic status on buying decisions
The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between socio economic status of consumers on their decision making of international luxury fashion brands and the effect of this socio economic status on their behavior, perception, purchase decision and social value dimension. The study describes the result obtained from a survey conducted on 182 respondents who either works or lives in Lagos or Abuja, Nigeria. About 50 percent of the respondents are within the working ages between the ages of 31 to 40 years. It could be deduced also from the result that many of the respondents are middle aged and in their active years Quantitative research approach method was adopted to gather information from respondents through questionnaires distributed online and hardcopies to explore the relationship between Nigerian consumers' behavior, consumers' perception, purchase decision and social value dimension of international luxury fashion brands and their socio economic status. Based on the factor analysis, consumers want to purchase luxury products that are not produced en masse, consumers buy a product because of its status and most consumers are interested in new products with status regardless of the price as long as the quality is superior to other brands. The results of the research indicate that socio-economic status of consumers has great influence on consumers' behavior, consumers' perception, consumers' purchase decision and social value dimension of international luxury fashion brands. Keywords: Consumers' Behavior, Consumers' Perception, Consumers' Purchase Decision, Luxury Products, and Socio Economic Status
Democracy and ethnic diversity: A case study of Nigeria, a comparative study of Igbo, Yoruba, and Hausa-Fulani in Nigerian democracy 1999-2015
It is an issue of a common sense among most scholars of ethnic politics that democracy is not likely to consolidate in multiethnic democracies, thus perceiving ethnicity as a threat to democratic development. On the contrary, few scholars of ethnic politics has since refuted this claim, and insisted that ethnic diversity in itself does not constitute a threat to democratic development, rather there are extrinsic factors that hides behind ethnic diversity to hinder democratic development. This research investigates both claims on democracy and ethnic diversity by sampling Nigeria, a multiethnic democracy, to ascertain the impact of ethnic diversity on democratic development. First, the research started by questioning what constitutes ethnic diversity by critically examining the previous theories on ethnic fractionalization, and how it can be used to define the Nigerian ethnic factor. In addition, the research studied the socio-political behavior of each amongst the three ethnic nationalities it identified in Nigeria. In recognizing the presence of other tribal groups in the country, the research adopted geography and total percentage of population in distinguishing between ethnic group and tribal groups in Nigeria. On the political impact of democracy by ethnic variable, the research examined the political system of government under which multiethnic democracies are built upon. Finally, the research acknowledged that federal democracies that fully implements democratic values are likely to survive in an ethnic diverse society. Keywords: Democracy, Ethnic diversity, Federalism, and identity politics.
Causes of boko haram insurgency and it's socio-economic impact in Nigeria
Since Nigeria's independence in 1960, she has never been confronted with so much internal security issues like terrorism, which have strongly affected its national policy in recent years. The focus of this thesis is to analyze the causes and socio-economic impacts of Boko-Haram in Nigeria. It is certain that Boko Haram remains the biggest unrest confronting Nigeria now and has not only security, but also socio-economic consequences, High rate of poverty, unemployment, injustice, illiteracy, corruption and disparities between North/South regions of Nigeria are some of the causes of Boko Haram insurgency. Regarding the socio-economic impacts, it is seen that Boko Haram insurgency has had negative effect on the Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, the tourism sector, the local currency. In addition, it has led to dislocation of Nigerians, losing their lives and properties. The thesis concludes by stating that political, socio-economic and religious reasons contributed to Boko Haram terrorism to be emerged and its socio-economic impacts in Nigeria can be seen at the several levels.
Territorial conflict: Case study of Cameroon and Nigeria over the Bakassi peninsula
Territorial conflict within the context of Africa is a re-occuring situation. The history of these conflicts has struck almost every corner of the African continent. In the case of the Bakassi peninsula between Cameroon and Nigeria, it seem relative to other cases within the continent. As a common phenomenon of these kinds of dispute, the issues are easilly transformed to long wars. However, in the case of Bakassi, it is necessary to appraise the dispute in view of its perculiariaty as these states avoided war regarless of the numerous aggressive confrontations. Territorial conflicts in Africa generally are hereditary in nature due to the continents colonial history. The case of Bakassi like many different cases of territorial conflict in Africa comes from a similar position. Notwithstanding, this study has its variations to typical cases of territorial disputes between states. In this study we will get to see just what makes the Bakassi dispute perculiar from other cases of territorial disputes in Africa.
Factors affecting bank frauds: The case of Nigeria
The banks according to the laws that establish them are primary set to play fundamental roles in aiding economic activities in the countries. As the being part of economic activities banking sector found itself more susceptible to fraud. Fraud has become a problem in banking system too. Fraud in the banking industry is a global problem and it is increasing in in Nigeria banking system. In Nigeria, The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) was established in 1958 and commenced operations in 1959. The supervisory institutions about fraud are The Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC), and The Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria (CIBN). This paper investigates the macroeconomic factors affecting in Nigerian banking sector by using 1995-2013 annual data. To investigate this relationship two groups of data are used which can be defined fraud variables and macroeconomic variables of Nigeria. The used variables about the fraud are total amount involved in fraud, total expected loss in fraud, percentage of loss on total amount involved in fraud and total number of frauds; the used macroeconomic variables are population, exchange rate, interest rate, gross national income, gross domestic product. In the empirical application, descriptive statistics, graph and correlation analysis are used. The results show that the banking reform has no effect on fraud and crisis has significant effect on fraud in Nigeria.
Effective decision making process and its impact on strategic planning process: A case study of Nigerian oil industry
This study sought to establish the impact of effective decision making process (EDMP) on strategic planning process (SPP). The purpose was to establish if the dimensions of EDMP which are Decision making Comprehensiveness, Extensiveness and Speed have any impact on the measures of SPP which are Strategic analysis, strategic choice and strategy implementation. This gave rise to nine hypothesis stated in their null form that there is no significant relationship between the dimensions of EDMP and the measures of SPP. The study was carried out on the Nigerian oil industry and data was generated from 250 respondents of 25 small and medium scale enterprises in Port Harcourt. Data generated was subjected to statistical analysis using the Spearman's rank order correlation technique; aided by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The analysis revealed that there is a strong positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of EDPM and the measures of SPP. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that there exist, a positive and significant impact of the dimensions of EDMP, on the measures of SPP. It was recommended that small and medium scale enterprises should endeavour to pay special attention to the present and future implications of their decision making process to the growth and success of their business as this will enable them come up with reliable strategic plans that will drive their actions towards achieving set objectives.
Trade unions and labour productivity in Nigeria between 1990-2010
Trade unions are established to safeguard and be the workers umpire. The reason behind the formation of trade unions is to improve the socio-economic wellbeing of their members, mainly by increasing wages and salaries to the reasonable level. Over the years, Nigerian labor union has been one of the most popular umbrella of every organizational workforce, with an aspiration to guide and protect the right, interest and life of every employee from encroaching on their economic right and the abuse of their self-esteem by their employers. Thus, this paper investigates trade unions and labor productivity in Nigeria between 1990-2010. To investigate this relationship two groups of data are used which can be defined trade unions variables and labor productivity variables of Nigeria. The following trade union variables were used; training and workshops on staff productivity, demand for increase wage and salary to improve productivity, demand for basic amenities and facilities for workers, demand for leave grants and leisure time for workers, demand for improve welfare conditions and encouragement of the provision of manpower training and development. The used labor productivity variables are whether the respondent delivered their services to the client at a productive rate that is high, moderate or low. And whether they perform the office work in line with Service Compact (SERVICOM) requirements at a high, moderate or low rate. In the empirical application, descriptive statistics, percentages, frequencies, regression analysis are used. The results showed that, even though, the organizations spend most of their resources to meet the demands of the labor unions, this has not transform into high productivity for the organizations. The results further showed that there is negative relationship between trade unions and staff productivity, because activities of trade unions do not improve labor productivity in Nigeria.
Effects of bank recapitalisation on Nigerian banking system
The aim of the thesis is to investigate the effect of bank recapitalisation on Nigeria banking system. Bank recapitalization increases an amount of long term finances used in financing the organization. The existence of effect of bank recapitalization in the Nigerian banking sector is estimated using an autoregressive regression model. To estimate the regression model data from pre and post-recapitalization periods of the Nigeria banking industry was used. The data were collected from money and credit statistics department of the CBN. Several banking variables were used to check the effect of recapitalization. The variables are base money, broad money, credit to government, credit to private sector, demand deposits, narrow money, net domestic credit, net foreign assets for the 2000-2016 period. At first, descriptive statistics of the variables are investigated. After interpretation of the descriptive statistics of the variables for both before and after recapitalisation period seasonality of the series are investigated. Based on the seasonality results all series are seasonally adjusted. Rest of the empirical application is done by using seasonally adjusted series. After these, the unit root test used to determine integration level of the variables. At last autoregressive models are estimated using stationary series for each variable. In these models the dummy variable used to see if there is a change after recapitalization period. The results prove that recapitalization increases base and broad money of a commercial bank and it ensures more liquidity. The results also prove that after recapitalisation, a stronger and more stable banking system is seen.
Factors affecting e banking: The case of Nigeria
The advent of electronic banking and its adoption in Nigeria is becoming a well-used tool for banking in the country. Usage of e-banking banking has become easy for banking to be carried out even from the comfort of a customer's home but several factors have hindered the adoption of the mode of banking by everyone. The aim of the study is to examine the factors that hinder the adoption of the e-banking and also proffered solutions to these problems. The factors outlined include fraud/security issues, access to internet services, awareness and accessibility. Questionnaires were used to collect data and SPSS was used to test the data. The hypotheses tested are the relationship between age and use of electronic banking, the relationship between education exposure and electronic banking usage, the relationship between gender and people who visit the bank for their individual transactions and relationship between income and electronic banking usage. Non-parametric hypothesis tests are used for the analysis. The results show that factors like educational exposure, internet reliability, online/ ATM error and others were factors that necessitate the adoption of online/ internet banking in Nigeria.
Mismanagement of united nations aids and natural resources funds in Nigeria from 2006 to 2016
Nigeria is generally considered the giant of Africa. There are so many different aspects of this recognition within the global spectrum. In view of this, the might of the state cannot be debated but it is also beyond reproach. The study below portrays some of these aspects considering mismanagement of resource funds and aids in Nigeria between 2006-2015. In this period, Nigeria attained record levels in mismanagment and corruption. The wealth of Nigeria comes mostly from its resources, petroleum products being the largest resource the country is endowed with. Accounting for over 90% of the GDP, Nigeria is Africa's largest exporter of petroleum products and a prominent member within the global trade. This has given the country a significant position within OPEC (Organization of Petroleum exporting Countries). However, this study adds light to the fact that despite its potential, mismanagement of funds in these sectors has significantly impacted Nigeria's economy. Due to mismanagement, the people of Nigeria live under the poverty threshold. This has led the country to be one of the recipients of aids from around the world to support some of its sectors which are seriously affected by the mismanagement of states funds. The study brings an in-depth view into the mismanagement practices within the state and how the practices are carried out within the sectors of the state that accounts for most of it revenues. Looking into the mismanagement of funds and aids also presents how difficult it is for the people most afflicted to receive the aid they need. Notwithstanding, the research also evaluates the overall impact of the mismanagement on the state mechanism as a whole while presenting its impact on smaller institutions of the state. Finally, the study makes some policy suggestions which can alleviate the repercussions of mismanagement. Keywords: Mismanagement, Corruption, embezzlement, Fraud, Aid, Natural resources, Petroleum
Measuring service quality perceptions on bank customers: A comparative study between Nigeria and Turkey
"In an attempt to survey the effects of measuring service quality perceptions on bank customers: a comparative analysis between Turkey and Nigeria, its features and importance were deeply explained and the problems facing service quality perceptions and bank customers were stated in consonance to fill the existing gap in the literature. However, this study specifically determine effect of service tangibility on bank customers in Turkey and Nigeria, examine the effect of service reliability on bank customers in Turkey and Nigeria, explore the effect of service responsiveness on bank customers in Turkey and Nigeria, ascertain the effect of service assurance on bank customers in Turkey and Nigeria, and investigate the effect service empathy on bank customers in Turkey and Nigeria. The study employed the use of frequency percentage analysis and Logit regression analysis as the estimation techniques. From the findings, the result from Turkey revealed that the value McFadden R-squared was 0.601669 that is 60.2% variation of the dependent variable (Bank's customer) can be explained by the independent variables (TAN, REL, RES, ASS, EMP). The LR value was 185.7626 and its p-value is 0.00000 implies that the independent variables can jointly influence the dependent variable. In Nigeria, the value McFadden R-squared was 0.573354 that is 57.3% variation of the dependent variable (Bank's customer) can be explained by the independent variables (TAN, REL, RES, ASS, EMP). The LR value was 174.1381 and its p-value is 0.00000 implies that the independent variables can jointly influence the dependent variable. The study concluded that service quality perception of tangibility has not been significant to Turkish bank's customer and the reliability of SERVQUAL which refers to the accurate, dependable and consistent performance of the service concluded in this study that there is a negative but significant effect to influence bank's customer in Turkey. In Nigeria, concluded that SERVQUAL tangibility exhibits a positive but insignificant effect on bank's customer and the SERVQUAL reliability was a negative but significant on bank's customer during the study period. The study however recommended that the Banks including the Apex Banks of Turkey and Nigeria should aim to provide quality services to their customers in other to retain existing customer and also to attract new customer and by so doing, it will contribute to the growth and development of the economy through the financial institution". Keywords: Turkish banks, Nigerian banks, customer satisfaction, service quality, quality measuring.
DAEŞ ve Boko Haram terör örgütlerinin karşılaştırmalı analizi
Dünyanın en kalabalık ikinci inanç kesimi olan Müslümanların arasına ihtilaf kıvılcımları İslam dininin Peygamberi Hz. Muhammed'in vefatından sonra atılmaya başlanmıştır. Asr-ı Saadet döneminden sonra İslam'ı yorumlamak için ortaya çıkan bazı düşünce sistemleri, siyasi çıkar sağlama ve iktidar olma arzusu ile birleşince, dinin barış üzerine kurulu yapısına tamamen zıt bir görünüm elde etmiştir. Selefilik ve Vahhabilik de bunların içinde yer almaktadır. Bu iki görüşü ve destekçilerini özellikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası büyük devletler kendi çıkarları için kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Üretim araçlarından yoksun bu örgütlerin arkasında devlet desteği olmadan güçlenip var olabilmesi şüphesiz mümkün değildir. Orta Doğu coğrafyasında DAEŞ, Afrika kıtasında ise Boko Haram bu doğrultular ekseninde, 11 Eylül saldırılarından sonra ABD'nin başlattığı kutuplaştırıcı dış politika anlayışında ortaya çıkmışlardır. Bu çalışma, aynı görüş yapısına sahip farklı kıtalardaki DAEŞ ve Boko Haram örgütlerinin aralarındaki benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Her iki örgütün de temel düşünce yapısını oluşturan Selefilik ve Vahhabilik görüşleri yanında bu örgütlerin birçok benzer özellik ve farklılıklar taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu örgütlerin eylemlerinde İslam dinini esas aldıklarını öne sürmelerine rağmen davranış biçimlerinin İslam hassasiyeti ile bağdaşmadığı, daha ziyade dini motifli politik hareketle çıkar amaçlı olduğu saptanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: DAEŞ, Boko Haram, Terör, Selefilik, Vahhabilik
Investigating the engagement of private security services as a means of countering Boko Haram in Nigeria
Despite the efforts of the Nigerian military and other security forces to date, Boko Haram remains a significant threat to the country, and the potential role of private security services in combating this threat is largely unknown. Therefore, it is critical to examine the effectiveness of private security services in combating Boko Haram in Nigeria, focusing on the role of Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment, and Protection Limited (STTEP) and the perceptions and experiences of key stakeholders. Drawing on a qualitative case study methodology, this study thus fills a critical gap in understanding the security landscape in Nigeria by shedding light on the potential role and impact of private security services in the fight against Boko Haram. The study's findings underscore the pivotal role that private security companies can play in the fight against Boko Haram in Nigeria. This is especially true for companies that have counterinsurgency experience in Africa and can gain the trust of local communities. In addition, the study highlights the critical importance of cultural sensitivity, commitment to long-term sustainability, respect for human rights, and strategic alliances to achieve lasting stability and effectiveness in counterterrorism. The study then underscores the compelling need for sound regulations, comprehensive training for personnel, and well-designed strategies specifically for private security companies in Nigeria. These findings are intended to guide policymakers, practitioners, and academics involved in security, counterinsurgency, and counterterrorism. Applied to a broader context, these findings also hold significant potential for developing more effective strategies in response to security threats, not only in Nigeria but also in other countries facing similar security challenges, underscoring the wider significance of these findings.
The crude oil production in Nigeria and the boom or curse implication
A reflection on supposed oil exporting states constantly reminds of the invariably of the resources curse hypothesis and environmental consequences of oil exploration. In Africa, especially the case of Nigeria, the argument has remained whether the countrys abundance and voluminous deposit of crude oil has positively affected the livelihood of the people. In view of this, the study examined the impact of crude oil production, square of crude oil production, oil rent and population on the per capita income over the period of 1990-2016. While the study revealed that oil production is an essential ingredient in sustaining a growing income level in the country, the study discovered that a doubled output of the economy's oil production capacity is draw back to economic progress. Thus, the implication of an inverted the U-shape relationship between oil production and income level is that individual well being is adversely affected at a certain level oil output, thus suggesting a potential curse resulting from the countrys natural resources explanation. Furthermore, the countrys oil rent and population explosion especially in the long run exerts a negative and significant impact on the individual income level. Generally, this study significantly presents a relevant policy for the government of Nigeria and other oil exporting and natural resources abundant states. Hence, to achieve the desired objective of the study, there is need to incorporate the square of crude oil production in the model such that relevant inferences are provided from the turning point evidence. Furthermore, the current study revealed important policy guide for Nigeria. The government should intensify the diversification attempt of the country's economy such that the agriculture sector should be reformed and restructured, as this is going to serve as an added value to the GDP of the country. More so, all stakeholders in the oil sectors, and the community leaders especially in the oil producing communities should further engage in inclusive dialogue to foster peace and end the history of militancy, oil bunkering and disruptions across the country. Possibly, the government could begin to consider the liberalization and privatization of the country's oil industry. In the aspect of population, the country's population explosion especially with the relatively lower economic growth posits a serious concern. Thus, there should be a deliberate attempt from the side of the government to carefully inform the populace gains of having a moderate family size. In this case, more awareness should be carried out in addition to the government effort to improve the quality of life of the people through serious cut down of corruption and political crisis in oil region states within Nigeria.
Impacts of political stability on economic growth of Nigeria
Despite the fact that the connection between political stability and economic execution is generally clear since an edge of least regulating security and legitimacy of the public authority is expected to make business exchanges and ventures both in fixed capital and in theory, from one perspective; as is vital for economies to work reasonably and proficiently for people to have a sense of security and social attachment to endure, then again; for a long time this relationship was taken as given and both at the hypothetical and experimental level the assessment of the potential impacts of one variable on the difference was not explored. Henceforth, since the last part of the 80's to date a reappearance of the interest to quantify the effects of political instability scenes on economic development is noticed. The outcomes got in this exposition it is proposed to talk about the current conditions by taking the reasonable impacts of the financial crisis that buildout in 2008 on the political strength of the countries in question and, simultaneously, the impacts that these political flimsiness increments would have in the recuperation and the subsequent financial development. With an example of 61 created and non-industrial nations it is discovered that, for the 1996-2020 time period, the connection between political soundness and financial development is positive and critical, particularly when changes in per capita pay and the political steadiness and peacefulness levels are noticed. Moreover, it is likewise affirmed that for a similar time span just nations with higher improvement levels will in general be steadier. Along these lines, it is contended that given the factors endogeneity, in the approach configuration to support financial development (or steadiness) there can't be a compromise that favors one goal by forfeiting the other, just as no friendly security strategy configuration should be made by forfeiting monetary recuperation and development components. Moreover, it is likewise viewed as that the requirement for the monetary arrangement configuration to be unequivocal rests in the need to reinforce the State foundations.
Influence of social media and marketing on corporate performance of financial institutes: An analysis on selected companies in Nigeria
Marketing and social media have an increasing impact on the sustainability and performance of financial institutions. Marketing expenditures, which are among the quantitative factors, and social media, which is a qualitative factor, affect the performance and profitability of financial institutions. In this context, it is extremely important to examine the relationship between marketing, social media, and corporate performance in financial institutions. In this scientific research, a model was created and tested by considering the number of social media followers of financial institutions, the number of marketing expenditures, and the variables of gross earnings and profit after tax. In the research, analyzes were carried out by using the financial and social media data of 13 financial institutions operating in Nigeria. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant correlation between the number of users following the social media accounts of financial institutions and the gross earnings. In addition, the amount of marketing expenditures also has a positive effect on gross earnings. Both the number of social media followers and the number of marketing expenditures positively affect the after-tax profit of financial institutions. In the light of the findings obtained, evaluations and suggestions were made.
Employee motivation on organizational performance: A case study in Nigeria
Motivation has always been a major challenge for businesses all over the world, particularly in the manufacturing industries, where undeniable levels of productivity influence or play a significant role in determining an organization's profitability, development, advancement, soundness, and future success. As a result, if a company wants to retain a competitive edge over its competitors while also avoiding a steady decline in employee productivity, it must ensure that employees are sufficiently motivated. The purpose of this research is to look at the impact of employee motivation on organizational performance. In investigating the motivation on organizational performance levels, this study used a descriptive and causal research design as well as an overview approach. Following that, the study's total population was 200 people. The number of people in the sample has been set at 150. A well-organized self-controlled questionnaire was used as the major data collecting tool, and it was distributed to 150 respondents, of whom 70 were retrieved and properly filled out. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.723, indicating that the study instrument was reliable. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the data. The results of the experiments revealed that there is a strong link between employee motivation and organizational productivity. This research also indicated that business leaders should make appropriate allocations when assessing the factors that drive their employees and seek for ways to ensure that they are properly motivated to increase their performance and productivity. Finally, the report suggested that future research should focus on businesses other than pharmaceutical production.
Examining factors that influence the success and failure of SMEs in Nigeria (A case study of the Lagos metropolis)
This study used the regression equation model in succinctly analyzing several factors that affect the performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises performance in Nigeria. To understand the salient activities of SMEs, several factors were highlighted, including Bank Credit, Trade Openness, and interest rate. Results from the study show that bank credit and interest rates improve and advance the overall performance of these SMEs ' output, while trade openness plays no significant role in the overall performance of these SMEs in Nigeria. The general effect as indicated by the F-statistics reveals that of all three variables measured during this study, Bank Credit and Interest are statistically significant in deciphering the improvement of the performance of Small and Medium-scale Enterprises in Nigeria. Hence, we reject the null hypotheses which stated that bank credit has no significant or one would say, visible effect on the performance of SMEs in Nigeria, as well as that which says that interest rate has no bearing on SMEs performance, but accepts the third hypothesis which states that trade openness has no bearing on the performance of SMEs in Nigeria.
An evaluation of the leadership style and its effect on the employees attitude: A case of Cratos Group Limited, Nigeria
The importance of leadership cannot be overstated, since it has the potential to have an impact on the ecology of an organization, the company, and the workers. Because of this, good leadership may have an impact on subordinates' levels of satisfaction and the extent to which they are absent from their duties. Rather of relying on a single style of leadership, successful leaders use a variety of methods to achieve success. A survey of the literature revealed that the aim of a successful leader is to convert the existing human resource in order to fulfill the organization's immediate as well as longer-range goals, as stated in the research. In order to do this, the leader has an impact on the attitude of workers (job satisfaction), which in turn has an impact on their attitude (absenteeism). The Path-Goal Theory offered the framework that helped explain the perspective of this research that there are certain variables that influence the choice of a leadership style by a leader; nevertheless, there are characteristics that characterize a successful leader, as shown in this study. The research used a survey methodology and relied on a questionnaire to collect the data for analysis. In the study's results, it was shown that leaders that adopt a transformational approach have an impact on their workers' job satisfaction and absenteeism. As a result, a manager's leadership style shapes the environment in which his or her workers operate and has an impact on the attitudes and performance of his or her team.
Effects of pricing strategies on customer retention: A case study of shoprite Nigeria
This research sought to explore and discover the relationship between pricing strategies and customer purchase, which is a determinant of customer retention. ShopRite Nigeria was the Case Study of this research. In specific terms, the research sought to: (i) investigate the effects of competition-based pricing strategy on the customer retention of ShopRite Nigeria. (ii) Discover the effects of Everyday Low Pricing strategies on customer retention. (iii) Determine the effects of Value-Based Pricing strategies on customer retention of Shoprite Nigeria. The data analyzed in the course of this study were sourced from One hundred and Fifty (150) respondents across several states in Nigeria using Likert Scale structured questionnaires. Qualitative data was also sourced from several books, ShopRite's financial reports, and analysis by experts in the field of Business Administration, all duly referenced. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results of this study and the analysis of findings shows that all pricing strategies investigated have a strong influence on the customer retention of ShopRite Nigeria. The study recommends the ShopRite Nigeria should continue to leverage and explore the pricing strategies studied, and Nigerian government should create an enabling environment for major businesses like ShopRite and others to survive and thrive.
Assessment of the contribution of non-governmental organisations (NGO) in the development of Nigeria
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) contribute to state development through developmental program: entrepreneurial skills, education, employment creation, health services, road accident interventions, skill acquisition, poverty alleviation, justice and peace mediation and advocacy etc. In Nigeria, there are several operational NGOs that carry out philanthropic and social corporate responsibilities in about 100 local communities offering the aforementioned developmental contributions. This study focusses on the contributions of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to the development of Nigeria, from the Keynesian economic theory where development is not just realizable from government spending, but remains strategically at the heart of states' ambitions and processes. Beginning with the ways in which NGOs contribute to development in Nigeria, this study will discuss the operational framework of non-governmental organization (NGOs) in Nigeria. It will examine the level in which the government and people cooperate with NGOs in their developmental volunteering, while identifying the limitations and challenges of non-governmental organizations in their involvement in the development program of the Nigerian government. The theory of this study while focusing on the evolution, exploration and exposition of the contribution of NGOs in the development of Nigeria within the Keynesian economic theory, which proposes extensive government spending and reduction of tax for a better inclusive society where development can propagate in the most convenient way, proposes extensive collaboration and cooperation with non-governmental organizations for improved developmental results.