İbn Kesirin tefsirinde adalet ve zulüm (Analitik çalışma) / Justice and injustice in the interpretation of Ibn Kathir (An analytical study)

This study aimed to investigate the issue of justice and injustice in the interpretation of Ibn Kathir (d. 774 AH); One of the interpreters of the Qur'an in the eighth century AH, and he named his book: "Tefsie Al-Quran Al-Adheem", This study gains its importance from the fact that it examines the most correct and comprehensive interpretations, in which Ibn Kathir collected the opinions of the commentators and weighed among them. This study also belongs to the field of objective studies in the Qur'anic text, and from the importance of the topic of justice and injustice in the lives of individuals and societies, especially with the current global events, The need to follow the Quranic social and legal theory of controlling the balance of justice among people emerged. To achieve the objectives of the study, the historical descriptive method was followed, when researching the translation of Imam Ibn Katheer, and the descriptive, inductive and analytical method, when extrapolating the meanings of justice and injustice and following the texts of the Qur'an in the interpretation of Ibn Kathir, in order to extract his understanding of the divine approach in determining justice among His servants. The study concluded with results, the most important of which are: the great scientific value of Ibn Kathir's interpretation, as it is the most correct and comprehensive of interpretations, and its author followed the comparative approach, and this gives it special importance and makes it fertile ground for Quranic studies. Justice is repeated in the Qur'an twenty-eight times, with two opposing meanings: One of them indicates straightness, and the other indicates crookedness, but most of them indicate straightness, and justice in the Qur'an is mediation without any influence from the outside that influences it and deviates it from the truth. God has commanded all of His messengers to do it, and it is the path closest to God. The goal of justice is a goal that includes - in Qur'anic legislation - the provisions of all human relations, and its areas include: judiciary, sales, social relations, governance. The justice's objectives revolve around achieving development, brotherhood, true succession, and the construction of the earth, and Its greatest effect - according to Quranic verses - is that the one who does it is loved by God, and God's love for His servants is the highest level of reward. As for injustice, it is placing something in a place other than its proper place, either by a decrease or an increase. Or by going beyond its time or place. It has many synonyms, and it is in all its forms forbidden by God, and its forms vary according to the diversity of its specialization, some of which pertain to social matters, some of which pertain to criminal and legal matters, political matters, and other matters of life, and Ibn Katheer explained in his interpretation Many areas of justice, and he highlighted the meanings of justice versus injustice, and that justice includes equality for people in granting their rights and defining their responsibilities, which enables them to benefit from their rights with equality and fairness. Ibn Kathir did not neglect explaining and interpreting the forms of injustice mentioned in the Holy Qur'an: injustice to the soul, injustice to others and the ugliest form of it is polytheism to God, is the greatest injustice. One of the consequences of injustice is the loss of security in addition to spreading fear and panic in societies, threatening the existence and entity of man, and the spread of chaos and panic in society, thus halting the process of development and reform, then human life becomes threatened by disappearing and collapsing. Keywords: Interpretation (tefsir). Ibn Kathir. Justice. Injustice. Analysis.