Effect of different silicone sources and concentrations on in vitro micro propagation of 140 Ru American grape rootstock

Silicon (Si), which is widely used in different fields, has been used in plant production in vivo and in vitro studies in recent years. Especially in in vitro tissue culture studies, it is seen that its effect on growth and development has been examined. This study was planned to determine the effect of three different silicon sources and their four concentrations on micro-propagation of 140 Ru American grape rootstocks. In the study, as explants single-node green cuttings of 140 Ru grapevine rootstock and MS (Murashige and Skoog) as the nutrient medium were used. 1 mg L-1 BA (Benzyl Adenine) at the stage of obtaining shoots from cuttings and in the shoot rooting stage, 1 mg L-1 IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) was added to the nutrient medium. At both stages, 0 (Control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 concentrations of potassium (K2SiO3), sodium (Na2SiO3) and calcium silicate (CaSiO3) were added to the nutrient medium. Explant vitality and mortality rate, shooting rate, plant length, node number, plant fresh and dry weight, SPAD value, root number, average root length, root fresh and dry weight were examined to determine the effect of the applications. The variance analysis of the study was carried out according to the Two-Way Completely Randomized Experimental Design. According to the results; among the silicon sources, the highest shooting rate (84.40%) was found in the medium containing Na2SiO3. The highest plant fresh and dry weight (0.178 g and 0.026 g, respectively) and root fresh and dry weight values (0.213 g and 0.023 g, respectively) were obtained from K2SiO3. Root number was recorded in nutrient media containing K2SiO3 and CaSiO3 (2.98 and 2.91, respectively). Media containing 1 mg L-1 silicate were found to be more successful in the evaluation in terms of concentrations. The highest values recorded at this concentration were 4.49 cm in plant length, 7.44 in node number, 0.183 g and 0.028 g in plant fresh and dry weight, respectively, 28.37 in SPAD value and 3.27 in root number. As a result of the study, it is concluded that 1 mg L-1 concentration can be used in future studies due to the positive effects of adding K2SiO3, CaSiO3 and Na2SiO3 to the nutrient medium on some properties in micro propagation.