From 1924 to the present day change in the Constitution of the executive branch in Turkey

The Ottoman Empire has been in administrative searches since the decline period. Finally, with the 1876 Constitutional System, the powers of the Sultan were limited and the system of the Assembly was brought in the Ottoman Empire. Although the legal superiority of the Sultan against the Assembly continued, the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy and the establishment of the assembly constituted an important milestone on the road to the Republic. The disintegration of the Ottoman State in the First World War and the establishment of a new state with the National Struggle brought with it the problem with which system the new state would be ruled. This problem ended with the proclamation of the Republic on 29 October 1923. With this system, the President was accepted both as the superiority of the parliament and as the highest authority of the State as the ruler. The legal status of the Assembly and the President was clearly laid down in the 1924 Constitution. Although the President was granted broad powers in the draft brought to the Parliament, the Assembly did not accept some of them and created a mixed system. Thus, a system based on the rule of the parliament and the President of the President was established. This system allowed CHP President to become President at the same time between 1924 and 1946, which was called Single Party period. However, with the introduction of multi-party life, it brought along various problems. Although the President of the powerful Executive was the President with the 1961 Constitution, the Assembly's strong structure was maintained in this period as well. However, the prime ministers in governments established until 1980 complained of not being able to fully exercise their powers. The 1980 Constitution also gave the President broad powers. However, debates on authority between the President and the Prime Ministry have become inevitable. The 2007 Presidential election problem has been turned into a system problem and the public election of the President has been introduced with the popular vote. In 2014, with the election of Erdoğan by the public, a discussion of authority started. In order to overcome these problems, the Prime Minister's institution was abolished with the popular vote held in 2017. Instead, the party presidential system has been created. Although it is a very new system for evaluation, it has been introduced as a Type-type Presidential system, although it has been subjected to various criticisms, this system continues to be valid today. In this thesis, the powers granted to the executive in the 1924 constitution and the powers granted to the executive with the 2017 referendum were tried to be given. Keywords: 1924 Constitution, Executive, parliament, President, Referendum