Actions of civil disability and case studies in Turkey from the 1990's to the present

Civil disobedience has been a form of passive resistance that has existed since the early ages as an expression of the instinct to resist and has survived to the present day. Civil disobedience is a practice that is resorted to after the exhaustion of legal remedies in the face of an unjust situation. This is where acts of civil disobedience take the character of being unlawful. The civil disobedience activist does not constitute a violation of the order, s/he makes a choice in this direction at the point of eliminating the malfunctions in the functioning. The most basic point that distinguishes civil disobedience actions from other actions is that they have a political character. This study deals with the acts of civil disobedience observed in Turkey from the early Republic to the present chronologically. The most intense period of civil disobedience acts, which became visible in the 1960s in Turkey, was between 1990-2000. In the 1960s, it is seen that the organizing practices of the working class and this organization took place through the unions. The 1990s was a period when the Kurdish question and political Islam gained weight on the political agenda.Based on this framework, the study is structured into four main parts. In the first part of the study, the concept of civil disobedience is defined and the elements of civil disobedience are evaluated based on theorists who deal with the subject. Çorum Alpagut Worker's action, Tös actions, Bahar actions and White actions are examined. In the third part of the study, the resistance of the villagers of Bergama, the Extinguishing Lights actions, the Headscarf actions, the Saturday Mothers, the Peace Mothers and the Hunger Strike actions are discussed. In the fourth part of the study, the Standing Man actions, the Justice March action and, the actions of the Diyarbakır Mothers are discussed. In this context, based on the concept of civil disobedience, the acts of civil disobedience in Turkey are evaluated with a holistic approach.