Applicatiins and shaping with stone in 20th century sculture

Stone, as one of the traditional materials of sculpture, is a very consistent and stable material of nature. In addition to such properties, stone is preferably used by sculptors due to other properties of having a homogenous structure, allowing to create big-sized works and enabling a strong plastic effect on the work and so on.Sculptors have, until 19th century, used stone in order to transform it into the subject or person; which or who was aimed at having been represented by the sculpture. In this manner, success of a sculptor was considered by the criteria of the ability to give the details and to imitate the nature ideally. As of the beginning of 19th century, this understanding has started to change and own pattern and form of stone has consciously been focused and featured for the first time in Rodin?s sculptures.Subsequently, most sculptors, -although they have embraced many different art movements and approaches- have, until today, been designing their works by using stone as material. In my thesis, via adducing the works of Auguste Rodin, Constantin Brancusi, Henry Moore, Richard Long, Joseph Beuys, Ulrich Ruckriem, Isamu Naguchi and Tony Cragg, who differ in terms of art trends and periods of time they belong to, and have distinctive properties from each other, I have stated the ways how stone has been utilized as a material by them.