Investigation of the effect of trihalomethanes ondrinking water quality in Adana province

Access to clean and safe water has been an increasing necessity from past to present. Disinfection processes are applied to prevent waterborne diseases, with chlorination being the most commonly used method. Chlorination is widely preferred due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of application, and ability to provide residual protection. However, the formation of disinfection by-products in water as a result of chlorination is its most significant disadvantage. Among these disinfection by-products, trihalomethanes (THM) are of particular concern. This study aimed to determine the presence of THM in the drinking water of Adana province and to evaluate their effects on water quality. Within the scope of the study, three sampling points were selected from each of the central districts of Adana (Seyhan, Yüreğir, Çukurova, and Sarıçam), resulting in a total of 12 monitoring locations. Monthly samples were collected and analyzed between September 2023 and August 2024. The analyses included chloroform, bromoform, dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and total THMs, along with pH, conductivity, chloride, bromide, and sulfate parameters. In addition to the quantification of THM compounds, their relationships with other water quality parameters were examined. Trend analysis was performed to assess the monthly, seasonal, and annual variations in THM levels. The obtained data were compared with national and international regulatory limits. The results indicated that THM levels in Adana's drinking water did not exceed the national limit of 100 µg/L. However, in certain locations, THM concentrations reached the international limit of 80 µg/L. Seasonal fluctuations in THM levels were also observed. In conclusion, the findings highlight the necessity of regularly monitoring and controlling THM levels in drinking water. Furthermore, it is recommended to implement measures to prevent THM formation in water sources, enhance THM removal in treatment processes, and explore alternative disinfection methods and technologies to minimize THM formation. Keywords: Water quality, Disinfection, Trihalomethanes, disinfection by-products