Detection of bacterial disease agents in stone fruit trees in Adiyaman, Diyarbakir and Mardin

A survey study was carried out in order to determine bacterial agents in Adıyaman, Diyarbakır and Mardin, which are the prominent provinces of the Southeastern Anatolia Region in stone plant cultivation, in 2019-2021. In the survey studies, samples were taken from plants with symptoms of bacterial disease such as chlorosis, necrosis, bacterial exudate, cancer, leaf spot, expulsion of plant organs (flower and bud dropping), tissue abnormalities (tumor). In the survey studies carried out by chance, 218 bacterial isolates were obtained from 174 infected plant samples. Isolates obtained from almond and mahaleb diseased samples were identified by biochemical, MALDI-TOF MS and 16s rDNA sequence analysis. As a result of diagnostic studies, 10 isolates isolated from almond and mahlep found to be pathogenic were Stenotrophomonas spp.. In addition, it has been determined that the aforementioned bacteria may cause cancer and gum disease. In the study, it was determined that the prevalence rate of cancer symptoms in almonds in Adıyaman, Diyarbakır and Mardin provinces varied between % 35-100, and the disease rate was in the range of % 0,127-0,67. According to the biochemical, pathogenicity tests on carrot discs and sequence analysis with IAALF-IAALR specific primers results of 4 olive isolates isolated from Derik district of Mardin province, they have been identified as Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psv). In addition, it was determined that the prevalence rate of Psv in olives in Adıyaman and Mardin varied between % 50 and 75, whereas the disease rate was % 0,017 in Adıyaman and % 33 in Mardin. It was determined that Stenotrophomonas spp. isolated from almond by the host line study, caused disease in 8 different stone fruit plants, except for the silverberry and cranberry, in artificial inoculations, and thus these are hosts. In addition; It was determined that oleander, which is among the hosts of Psv, and especially pink oleander caused a severe reaction by Psv. A study was carried out to determine the copper sulfate tolerance and standard in nutrient agar medium of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and it was determined that the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the factor was 1 mM. For general profiling of non-pathogenic bacteria, 70 representative isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. According to the diagnostic results of non-pathogenic bacteria; It was determined that the majority of the isolates were included in the genus Bacillus. In the study; It was concluded that Stenotrophomonas spp. may be pathogenic in stone fruit plants and cause cancer symptoms, but it should be supported by additional studies with a wider confidence interval.