Afgan göçü bağlamında Almanya ve Türkiye'nin göç politikaları üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz

Studies on Afghan migration are limited in the literature. Therefore, this thesis is significant for contributing to the literature. Turkey and EU countries have encountered waves of migration in different periods. Especially, the EU countries were seen by migrants as countries that could meet their expectations such as security, economic needs and education. At first, Turkey was a transit country used to going to the destination countries, and then it became a destination country due to the difficulty of crossing to the EU, the conditions are seen better than other countries and the similarities of religion and culture. The major causes of Afghanistan immigrants to migrate to Turkey are religion and cultural similarities, historical relations, feeling secure of their lives and having better social situations. After the 1973 coup, insecurity in Afghanistan arose in the country. The first waves of immigration started. The first migrations were mainly towards Pakistan and Iran. After the USSR entered Afghanistan in 1979, Afghanistan was at war with Soviet Russia for 10 years. Even though the USSR left Afghanistan in 1989, the civil war began in 1996. Taliban controlled Afghanistan until 2001. After the 9/11 attack in the USA, the US army invaded Afghanistan together with NATO allies. The Taliban's influence disappeared. Elections took place in Afghanistan in 2002, citizens who immigrated to Iran and Pakistan think that the situation in the country has stabilized and return back to the country. After 2010, instability started again in Afghanistan, and people began to migrate again. This wave of migration was directed towards the countries of the EU, Turkey and Iran. The aim of this thesis, to reveal the general situation of Afghan migrations, the living conditions of immigrants and especially after 2000, it is to show the economic, political and security impact of Afghan migrants on Turkey and EU countries. In this study, migration, history of Afghanistan, Turkey's immigration policy and and the understanding of immigration that changes over time, the general situation of Afghan immigrants in Turkey and EU countries, the formation of EU on immigration policies, the illegal immigration policy of the EU, immigration and political dialogue between Turkey and the EU have been mentioned. Turkey's refugee policy is considered strict and frequently criticized by the international community. Due to the ethnic discrimination that Turkey applies in accordance with the Settlement Law, Turkey's refugee policy can be considered strict. Turkey's refugee policy is very dynamic due to the variability of migration movements. The thesis hypothesis is that the legislative structure of immigration policy in Germany is not as supportive as the legislative structure of immigration policy in Turkey. Germany applies the soft and open door policy for migrants to fulfill the gap in labor force, but it is not supportive enough in the case of unskilled and uneducated migrants.