Investigation the effect of nano graphene reinforced cutting fluid on machining performance in turning of AISI 904L stainless steel using MQL method

In this study, the effects of cutting parameters and cutting conditions on surface roughness (Ra) and cutting temperature (T) were investigated in the turning of AISI 904L austenitic stainless steel. For this purpose, experimental designs were made by using Taguchi's orthogonal L9 and L27 and CVD Ti(C, N) Al2O3 TiN coated carbide tools were used in the experiments. The signal to noise ratio (S/N) was used to evaluate the data obtained from the experiments. In order to determine the effect of control factors on the results, variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed and regression analysis was performed to reveal the relationship between dependent variables and independent variables. In the L9 experimental design, flow (20, 40 and 60 ml/h), pressure (4, 6 and 8 bar) and nano-fluid concentration ratio (0%, 0.8% and 1.2% by volume) were determined as control factors. Cutting speed (150 m/min), feed rate (0.15 mm/rev) and dept of cut (0.5 mm) were kept constant. As a result of the experiments, the lowest surface roughness value (1.748 µm) and the lowest cutting temperature value (153 oC) were obtained at a flow rate of 60 ml/h, 8 bar pressure and 0.8% by volume nano graphene mixture. It was observed that pressure was the most effective parameter with an contrubition ratio of 35.5% on surface roughness and nano fluid concentration ratio was the most effective parameter with an contrubition ratio of 54.40% on the cutting temperature. In the L27 experimental design, cutting speed (100, 150 and 200 m/min), feed rate (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mm/rev) and nano-fluid concentration ratio (0%, 0.8% and 1.2% by volume) were determined as control factors. In this experimental design, the optimum flow rate (60 ml/h) and pressure (8 bar) obtained in the L9 experimental design were kept constant. The lowest surface roughness value (0.552 µm) was obtained at a cutting speed of 200 m/min, a feed rate of 0.10 mm/rev and a nano-fluid concentration of 0.8%. The lowest cutting temperature (137 oC) was obtained at a cutting speed of 100 m/min, a feed rate of 0.10 mm/rev and a nano-fluid concentration of 0.8%. It was seen that the most effective parameter was the feed rate with 96.57% contrubution rate on the surface roughness and the cutting speed was the most effective parameter with the contrubution rate of 51.73% on the cutting temperature.