Electrochemical determination of CEA, a lung cancer biomarker

In this study, the electrochemical investigation of lung cancer— a type of cancer that arises from the irregular and uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells in any organ or tissue of the body— is presented. A catalyst was designed for the development of a sensor aimed at the rapid detection of lung cancer, and surface characterization methods were determined to examine this catalyst. In this thesis, nanostructures of Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄/rGO, and Pt/Fe₃O₄/rGO were synthesized via the solvothermal synthesis method for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a biomarker of lung cancer. The synthesized structures were examined using electrochemical analysis methods, and the most effective one was selected. The characterization of the Pt/Fe₃O₄/rGO electrocatalyst was carried out using X ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The electrocatalytic activities were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). To detect the interaction between anti-CEA and CEA, the operating conditions of the developed sensor were optimized, and measurements were successfully conducted in real samples. In addition, repeatability, reproducibility, selectivity, and stability studies were performed to assess the applicability of the sensor, yielding successful results. As a result of this thesis study, a sensor with a low detection limit of 0.0000942 ng/mL, which does not exhibit interference from other components and provides successful results through a physical adsorption-based method, was successfully developed.