The establishment and nationalization process of Israel in the context of jewish migrations and settlement policies in The Mediterranean

The history of migration began in parallel with the beginning of humanity and has continued until today. The Mediterranean region has also been recognized as a region where migration has been intense throughout history. Especially the Eastern Mediterranean region, also known as the Levant, has hosted many civilizations. One of the ancient civilizations of the Levant region is the Jews or Israelites. The Jews, who are one of the deep-rooted civilizations of the Mediterranean, who have gone through a historical process and have continued their existence until today, constitute the basis of this thesis. The emergence of the Jews in history, migration movements, the effects of migration on the formation of identity, nation and religion have been the prominent topics in the study. Since their emergence in the Levant region, the Jews, who have been in a constant struggle for existence, have established various kingdoms in the past, engaged in rebellion movements against the dominant powers in the region and were consequently exiled from their lands. The Jews, who lived away from their lands for nearly two thousand years, were reunited with their lands in the 20th century. In this study, the migration movements of the Jews from the past to recent history and their return to the promised land and the establishment of their state are discussed. The processes of building the state, settlement and settlement policies are also examined in the study. The ongoing struggle between Israel and Palestine, the question of who actually owns the land, the perspective of international public opinion and current issues and problems are also mentioned. In this study, which deals with the Jews who want to stay forever in the land promised to their ancestors by the Lord and therefore to themselves, the sources were collected by using a systematic compilation method and used in the study after being evaluated impartially. Both theological and scientific sources were used in the formation and writing of the thesis. In particular, the Tanakh, the Holy Bible and the Holy Qur'an were used to analyze the history of the early period of the Jews and the period before Christ. When analyzing the history of the post-exilic period and recent Jewish history, only scientific sources were used. In addition, during the writing of our thesis, we have approached the events objectively in accordance with scientific ethics. As a result, the appropriate sources for the thesis were compiled and used in the appropriate sections of the study. When the study is evaluated as a whole, it is aimed that the reader will have an idea about Jewish history and the State of Israel. Key Words: Jews, Migration, Diaspora, Israel, Settlement Policies