Labor market adaptation policies of migrants within the scope of mediterranean countries: The case of Türki̇ye and Italy

The Mediterranean Basin has been a region where immigration has been intense throughout history. This region has a geography that brings together target and transit countries for immigrants as it connects important continents in the world. Nowadays, the main target of migration movements is generally the European Union (EU) countries, which are developed in terms of economy and labor market. Population movements caused by the First World War (1914-1918) and the Second World War (1939-1945) and the Cold War in the 20th century; It has led to regular or irregular migration movements towards EU countries bordering the Mediterranean or developing countries such as Turkey. According to UNCHR data, Türkiye is one of the countries with the highest immigrant population in the world. In addition, Italy hosts thousands of regular and irregular immigrants alike. This situation affects the countries' citizenship, education, health, work, etc. It has caused them to produce policies at many different points such as. The most important of these policies are labor market adaptation policies, which are one of the main reasons for immigrants to migrate. For this reason, our study aims to analyze the policies implemented by Türkiye and Italy in terms of adaptation to the labor market for immigrants. The limitations of the study are the selection of Türkiye, located in the east of the Mediterranean, and Italy, located in the Central Mediterranean region, as samples. In labor force adaptation policies, Türkiye and Italy; They focused primarily on registered and unregistered work, and started to produce policies by considering which business lines the immigrants in the country are more concentrated in and the harmony of working immigrants with the local people in the country. In this study, descriptive analysis method based on literature review was used. The existing studies in the literature were comprehensively reviewed and examined regarding the subject of the thesis study. During this research process, appropriate and reliable data were collected by scanning theses, relevant articles, books, reports and other academic sources. Then, these collected data were organized and interpreted through the descriptive analysis process and were associated with the facts targeted by the thesis study. Key Words: İrregular migrations, Labor Market, Mediterranean Countries, Türkiye, Italy.