The risk factors of acute kidney injury in acute coronary syndromes

The risk factors and the development mechanisms of acute kidney injury (AKI) are still under investigation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Nearly all patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were exposed to the contrast medium for the diagnosis or the treatment of ACS. No study is found comparing AKI risk factors before the administration of contrast medium and the total AKI risk factors including the contrast medium effect. In our study we aimed to determine the risk factors and outcomes (the hospital mortality and the length of hospital stay) of total AKI and pre-contrast AKI seperately. Totally 321 patients, who admitted to the hospital with acute coronary syndrome with a mean age of 63.3 years (94 female, 227 male) were retrieved in the study. The most important risk factors of pre-contrast AKI were cardiogenic shock and administration of furosemid at the hospital. The patients with cardiogenic shock had a 5.6-fold increased risk of pre-contrast AKI (OR=5.691, %95 CI=1.119-28.945, p=0.036). Administration of furosemid at the hospital increased the risk of pre-contrast AKIas 4.3-fold (OR=4.395, %95 CI=1.855-10.412 p<0.001). The most important risk factors of total AKI were cardiogenic shock, administration furosemid at the hospital, increasing age (OR=1.044, %95 CI=1.003-1.087, p=0.036) and high serum LDL levels (OR=1.014, %95 CI=1.005-1.024, p<0.001). The patients with cardiogenic shock had an 11.3-fold increased risk of total AKI (OR=11.382, %95 CI=1.940-66.781, p=0.007). Furosemid administration at the hospital increased the risk of total AKIas 5.4-fold (OR=5.439, %95 CI=2.219-13.337, p<0.001). Each unit increase in age increased the risk of total AKI as 4.4% (OR=1.044, %95 CI=1.003-1.087, p=0.036). Each 1 mg / dL increase in serum LDL level increased the risk of total AKI as 1.4% (OR=1.014, %95 CI=1.005-1.024, p<0.001). In this study the length of the hospital stay was found significantly longer both in pre-contrast AKI and total AKI than non-AKI patients (both p=0.001). In this study the incidence of the hospital mortality was found significantly higher both in pre-contrast AKI and total AKI than non-AKI patients (both p<0.001). AKI is a common and an important complication of ACS. After exclusion of exposure to contrast medium the most important risk factors for AKI were cardiogenic shock and the administraton of furosemid at the hospital.