Objective and subjective signs of deception: Determining signs special to Turkey and comparing between cultures

Throughout history, people have aimed to determine whether the verbal and written expressions of their counterparts are true or false. For this, some verbal or nonverbal signs have been identified over time. Some of the beliefs of these signs have been scientifically supported and accepted as objective beliefs, and unsupported ones have emerged as subjective beliefs. In this study, it is aimed to question the beliefs of the professionals who are dealing with lie detection in need of their professions in Turkish society, and the general society on this issue. For this purpose, firstly semi-structured in-depth interviews were made with seven different professionals who were interested in determining lies and accuracy by means of their professions. As a result of the analysis of the data, it is observed that law enforcement personnel were more successful in terms of objective beliefs, while the number of subjective beliefs was also found high. The quantitative measurement tool prepared in the light of the data obtained here was shared online via social media and 2029 people participated in the research. The data obtained here were analyzed with the SPSS statistical program and a significant difference emerged between the objective belief knowledge of the participants in the Gendarmerie-Military Staff category and the members of justice, the police students and those who did not work. By determining the open-ended questions asked, it was understood that the liars often inconsistent with what they were telling, they tried to engage with the person they talked to and that they had the belief that they missed their gaze. In the comparison, it was concluded that the results obtained are compatible with the international literature.