Analysis and evaluation of Allama Mirza Nain's Tanbih al-Umma and Tanzi̇h al-Milla in terms of Mashruta movement in İran

In Europe, the main factor that pushed the monarchies to change in the historical course that resulted from the emergence of nation states in the 19th century, and which resulted in the emergence of the constitution movements, was the question of legitimacy. In terms of political philosophy, legitimacy is a rational factor that makes political power acceptable, in other words, transforming power into power. Since the Shi'ite rebellion took an active part in the political scene from the twentieth century, the state in Iran had first evolved to the constitutional administration and finally to the republic with the revolution in 1979. The theoretical debates of Shi'ism were also a discussion of politics, since these were the main players of the religious scholars in these processes. The famous constitutional monarchy leader Mirza Nainî (1860-1936), who is the reference of the 1979 revolution, represents the important stage of the idea of renewal in Shia's political thought. Nainî's book Tanbih al-Ummah was the manifesto of the constitutionalist revolution that began in 1905. But at the same time, Nainî revolutionized Shiite political thought with the theory he put forward, and based on the participation of the ulama and the public in politics in the absence of the Twelfth Imam. The debates, thoughts and accumulation in the Iranian constitutionalism continued uninterruptedly until the Iranian Islamic revolution in 1979. It can be said that the 1979 revolution consisted of answering the question of the legitimacy of the political power that gained speed in the 1906 constitutionalist revolution.