A study on the effect of labor migration to Germany on Turkish cooperatives

The history of the cooperative movement, which envisages a partner ship system based on mutualaid, solidarity and cooperation, dates back to ancienttimes. Today, cooperatives continu etheir activities as a part of economicandsocial life in variousfields in many countries of the world. There are approximately 2.6 million cooperatives in the world and the secooperatives constitute 4.5% of the global economy withover 1 billion members. Modern cooperatives, which started in 1744 in a textile workshop in Rochdale, England, under the leader ship of Robert Owen, spread tomanyparts of theworld in a short time. Inthe Ottoman Empire, which accelerated the westernization process in every field with the Tanzimat, the idea of modern cooperatives had theopportunityto be implemented with the Homeland Fund sunder the leadership of Mithat Pasha. With the proclamation of the Republic, especially with the significant contributions of Atatürk and Celal Bayar, the cooperative movement has developed as a new application area in Turkey. Thiss tructure, which was establi she daccording to the ethical principles of a kind of trades men and craftsmen formed by the Turks, whotry top reserve the culture of imece, with the Ahi Unions, laid the ground work forthe development of the idea of cooperatives in Turkish society. According to the data of 2020, there are approximately 59 thousand cooperatives in many different fields in Turkey and these cooperatives have morethan 6 million partners. Various factors can be effective in theadoptionand spread of cooperatives in a society. These are shaped by the economic, social and culturalstructure of thatsociety and can be shaped by the cooperative policiesand practices followed by the countries. It can be said that some external dynamics as well as internal dynamic sareeffective in the development of Turkish cooperatives. It can be said that one of these is the F. Germany –Turkey Labor Agreement, which Turkey signed on October 30, 1961 in Bonn, the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. "Project for Giving Priorityto Villagers Establishing Cooperatives in Sending Workersto Foreign Countries" was developed and put intoeffect in order toprovidere sources for projects to be implemented especially by Village Development Cooperatives. Forthisreason, village development cooperatives beganto be called F. Germany cooperatives among the people. Inthisstudy, it is aimed to examine the effects of the F. Germany –Turkey Labor Agreement signed with F. F. Germany in 1961 on Turkish cooperatives, especially on village development cooperatives, with variousa spects. Inorderto achieve thisaim, the said agree ment was examined and the infrastructure of the study was created by reviewing the literature on the relation ship between the development of the village development cooperatives of that periodand this agreement. It was concluded that this agreement had a significant effect on the development of village development cooperatives in Turkey and this effect show edit self in the number and thinking system of village development cooperatives.