Racism against Muslims in Germany, foreign enemy and hate speech: Example of mosque attacks

When examining the historical process, it can be observed that racism and discrimination against foreigners have existed in Germany for many years. However, this racism and discrimination reached its peak when it transformed into anti-Semitism. During the process leading up to the Second World War, anti-Semitism became a state policy in the country and eventually turned into a genocide towards the end of the war. After xenophobia and antisemitism, racism and discrimination against Islam and Muslims are nowadays also evident. This situation gradually evolves from racism to Islamophobia in European countries and ultimately transforms into "Islamophobia." However, after the collapse of a racially centered system in Germany following the Second World War, a constitution centered on human rights was prepared by learning from the past. This constitution particularly emphasizes human responsibility towards God and fellow human beings, with a reference to human aberration in its preamble (Grundgesetz-Präambel). With this statement, the new constitution has opened a new page for Germany. Muslims of migrant origin have been living in Germany for over 60 years, and recently observed prejudices against Muslims, particularly in the form of opposition to the headscarf, religious education, mosques, and minarets, have manifested themselves as hostility towards the beliefs and religious motifs of Islam, in the form of Islamophobia. This hostility sometimes turns into violence. This situation has frequently manifested itself as attacks on Islamic symbols. This situation, which causes concern among Muslims, affects social life. The liberal democratic system takes measures against discrimination, racism, and Islamophobia in these matters, but the progress of these developments cannot be effectively halted. Multidimensional measures are needed for these measures to become more effective. This study will extensively research racism, xenophobia, and hate speech against Muslims in Germany. Keywords: Germany, Discrimination, Racism, Islamophobia, Hate Speech