Investigation on ecological and pomological properties and biological activities of Rosa canina L. which spreads under different conditions in the province of Amasya and grows naturally and culturally

Medicinal plants are the main source of raw materials for different industries such as medicine, cosmetics, perfumery, food. Rosa canina L (rosehip) is an important medicinal plant species thanks to its rich bioactive components. In our study, it was aimed to compare the biological activities of fruit ethanol extracts of R. canina species grown naturally and cultivated under different conditions in Amasya province. For this purpose, randomly selected fruits belonging to R. canina were collected from the localities determined from Suluova and Taşova districts of Amasya province. Phenological, ecological and pomological characteristics of the species were determined. As a result of the statistical studies; It was observed that fruit weight reached 3.48 g, fruit diameter reached 17.21 mm, and fruit length reached 26.65 mm in the localities taken into culture. In wild rosehip fruits, fruit weight is 2.29 g, fruit diameter is 14.27 mm, fruit length is 20.27 mm. Ethanol extracts were obtained from R. canina fruits with a soxhlet device. The chemical components of the obtained extracts were analyzed by GC-MS method. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were tested against 5 Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC7064, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC7677, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212), 5 Gram negative (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Citrobacter freundii ATCC43864) bacteria and 1 fungus (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) by well diffusion and microdilution method. In addition, whether plant extracts prevent H2O2-induced DNA damage was investigated using pBR322 plasmid DNA. Finally, the cytotoxic activities of the extracts on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) were determined by MTT test. According to the antimicrobial activity results, it was observed that the extract with the highest effect was obtained from R. canina samples cultured in Yüzbeyi village, and it was determined that it had high antibacterial effect especially against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus (28 mm), L. monocytogenes (26 mm) and E. faecalis (24 mm). It was also determined that it has a strong antifungal effect on C. albicans (20 mm). According to DNA interaction results, it was determined that it prevents H2O2-induced damage. Finally, MTT test results showed that some of the extracts had significant cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cells. These results show that R. canina species have significant biological activity.