Occupational risks of the operating room staff and exploration of oxidant-antioxidant parameters: A university hospital case

Aim: This study sought to identify the risks and hazards faced by operating room personnel and to assess their potential health impacts. This was done by examining routine health screening results and blood oxidative stress levels, all within the framework of occupational health and safety regulations. Material and Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in three phases. These included collecting blood samples to measure markers like total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, ischemia modified albumin, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and malondialdehyde. Additionally, face-to-face surveys were administered, and data from annual health examinations, conducted as per occupational health and safety laws, were utilized. Results: Among the 90 participants, anesthesia technicians made up the largest group at 43.3% (n=39), followed by operating room nurses 30% (n=27), post-op nurses 15.6% (n=14), and operating room technicians 11.1% (n=10). On average, participants had worked in their profession for 14.58 ± 6.65 years and specifically in the operating room for 12.26 ± 5.97 years. Survey responses indicated that common occupational risks and health issues included intensive workload 97.8% (88), contact with blood and body fluids 96.7% (87), exposure to chemicals 94.4% (85), chronic fatigue 77.8% (70), stress-anxiety 90% (81), and forgetfulness 63.3% (57). General health screenings showed that Anti Hbs 4.4% (4), hemoglobin 20% (18), and hematocrit 16%, (14) levels were below reference values in some participants. Male participants had higher average levels of ischemia modified albumin and total antioxidant capacity, but a lower oxidative stress index, compared to female participants. Conclusion: More than half of the operating room staff reported exposure to physical and chemical hazards. Stress-anxiety, fatigue, and ergonomic problems were prominent health complaints. These findings highlight that structural improvements are necessary within the operating room environment to align it with occupational health and safety legislation, rather than focusing solely on individual-level interventions.