The Mongol-Tatar tribes in Anatolia and their contribution to Turkish-Islamic culture

Being a bridge between Asia and Europe, the lands of Turkey have embodied different cultures and civilizations. Turks/Turkmen, who settled in Anatolia as tribes as a result of the Turks' incursions into Anatolian lands in the 16th century, became the dominant element in Anatolia and affected people belonging to other cultures. The Turks, who came to Anatolia intensively, ensured the Turkification and Islamization of Anatolia. In the centuries when the Turkification and Islamization of Anatolia continued, Temujin brought together the tribes living in Eastern Mongolia at the beginning of the 13th century in 603/1206, established the Mongol-Turkish Khanate and took the title of Genghis Khan. Having gained dominance on China with his expeditions, he turned to the west. After 616/1220, the Mongols seized the regions that were in the buffer zone between the Turkish Seljuk State and the Mongol Khanate and were administered by the Khwarezmshahli State. As a result of the pursuit of the fleeing Khwarazmshahs, the Mongol Khanate and the Turkish Seljuk State became border neighbors. The Kösedağ War between the Seljuks and the Mongols in 641/1243 started the Mongols' domination of Anatolia. Since the Turkish Seljuk State entered the period of collapse after 676/1277, the Mongol tribes were directed to Turkey by the Ilkhanid State. For this reason, the Mongolian tribes who came to Turkey in droves left indelible traces on the Anatolian Turkish culture. In this study, the settlements of the Mongol-Tatar tribes in Turkey, their contributions to the Anatolian Turkish culture in the regions where they settled, their Islamization, and therefore the changes that emerged as a result of their being kneaded in the Turkish culture of ancient roots, were analyzed. Key words: Turks, Mongols, Seljuks, Jelayirid Sultanate, Sulduz.