Legal liability of de facto body in joint stock companies

In this study; we have examined the de facto organ and legal responsibility of joint stock companies that can be encountered under different appearances in commercial life. Although the de facto organ is not explicitly included in positive law texts, it is a concept created and developed within the scope of Swiss doctrine and judicial decisions and liability law in legal persons. In doctrine; a formal organ to an organ organized in a joint stock company in accordance with the law, articles of association or internal legislation; Persons or boards that are not formal organs, but use the duties and powers specific to these organs or are effective in their use in some way, are also called de facto organs. We have done our study under the headings of organ in legal persons, the de facto organ in joint stock companies and legal responsibility of the de facto organ in joint stock companies. In this context; In addition to the sources examining the de facto organ, sources related to the persons law that regulating the concept of organ, the organization and management organ of the joint stock company, the sources of the corporate law on the legal responsibility in the joint stock company and the sources of obligations law that regulating the general liability were examined. In Türkiye, although the de facto organ is frequently encountered in the economic life, it does not have sufficient provision in judicial decisions. We have done this study in order to discuss the de facto organ concept more in our country and to contribute to this discussion.