Determination of current resistance status to spinosad and spinetoram in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)populations collected from protected crop regions in Antalya

Frankliniella occidentalis, which is native to North America, is one of the main pests in Turkey and worldwide. EightF. occidentalis populations were collected from greenhouses in Antalya. Spinosad and spinetoram resistance of these populations were investigated. Populations were reared using green bean pods in the climate chamber. Leaf dip method was used for determination of the LC values. Stability and behavioral resistance were also investigated in these populations. In greenhouse populations, LC50 values for spinosad ranged from 7.7 to 124.8 mg (e.m) / l. Resistance range of greenhouse populations compared to the sensitive population were found 19-312 fold. The LC90 dose range of the populations 132.9 to 3620 mg (e. m) / l were greater than of the spinosad recommendation dose (96 mg e.m / l). According to these results, spinosad resistance is high and widespread in Antalya greenhouse populations.Spinosad applications at locations where populations were taken may not be sufficiently effective. In tests performed with spinetoram, the LC50 values of the populations are 1.0 to 35 mg (e.m)/l. Resistance in populations were found between 5 and 175 fold. The LC90 dose range of the populations is 8-388 mg (e.m) / l. The LC90 of 5 of the 8 populations are above the label dose of spinetoram.Application with spinetoram may fail in locations where these 5 populations (Gazipaşa, Alanya, Manavgat, Demre-Beymelek, Kumluca-Salur) were taken. In stability tests, the resistance ratiodecreased from 312 fold to 271 fold after 6 months in Manavgat population. However, thisdecline was not found to be significant as the confidencelimitsoverlap. In spinetoram stability tests, spinetoram resistance decreased from 174.5 fold to 54.5 fold in the population which was kept for 6 monthswithoutinsecdicidepressure. However, the LC90 dose of this population is stillhigher than the recommended dose of spinetoram. The decline in spinetoram resistance in a six-monthperiod is not sufficient. In the behavioral resistance tests, the mortalityratio of 86.1% in the non-preferential test with spinosad on the resistant population decreased to 80% in the preferential test. There may be behavioral resistance to spinosad in the resistant population, albeit at lowlevels (6%). The mortality rate in the non-preferential test on the spinetoram-resistant population is 92%. Thisratiodecreased to 74.4% in the preferential test. These findingssuggestthatthere may be behavioral resistance to spinetoram in a resistant greenhouse population.