Investigation on resistance levels against formetanate (Carbamate) and Acrinathrin (Pyrethroid) in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) populations collected from protected crop locations in Antalya

Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is an important agricultural pest world-wide. Insecticide-resistance in this species is serious and common problem. Eight F. occidentalis populations were obtained from the greenhouse locations in the districts of Antalya. The sensitivity levels of these populations to formetanate and acrinathrin were investigated. All populations were produced with green bean pods in controlled rooms. Leaf dipping bioassay was used to determine LC values. Additionally the durability of the resistance was measured. Furthermore mortality rates were determined in the no-choice and choice tests in sensitive and resistant populations for the detection of behavioral resistance. The LC50 values for formetanate range from 12.1 to 57.4 mg (et.m) /l in greenhouse populations. Formetanate resistance levels are low in populations (1-5 times). The LC90 doses for the formetanate of the populations were 44.3 - 397.1 g (et.m.) / l lower than the label dose of this insecticide (500 mg (e.m) / l). According to these findings, formetanate resistance in Antalya greenhouse populations is quite low and formetanate applications can be successful where populations were collected. The LC50 range of populations for acrinathrin is 397 - 3642 mg (et.m) / l. Resistance to acrinathrin is high in populations (5 to 936 times). The LC90 doses of all populations are significantly higher than the label dose of acrinathrin. According to these results, acrinathrin may fail at all locations. In acrinathrin-resistant greenhouse (Aksu) population, the LC50 dose of 36426 mg (et.m)/ l decreased to 681 mg (et.m) / l after 6 months. The resistance level in this population also decreased from 936 to 17.5 times. But even after 6 months, the LC50value of the Aksu population is higher than the label dose of acrinathrin. These results showed a significant decrease in acrinathrin resistance. However, this decrease in the level of resistance does not seem sufficient for a successful control. Formetanate kills the entire susceptible and resistant population in no-choice bioassays. In choice bioassays, 81% and 80% mortality was found in sensitive and resistant populations, respectively. According to these findings, the populations against formetanate exhibited partial behavioral resistance. All of the susceptible populations were dead in no-choice tests with acrinathrin. In choice tests, 63% of the sensitive population died. Acrinathrin resulted in 86% and 44% mortality in no-choice and choice bioassay, respectively in the resistant Serik population. According to these results, populations showed behavioral resistance to acrinathrin at some level.