Antonio Gramsci's contributions to political theory and marxist thought

Italian thinker Antonio Gramsci, one of the most important and original Marxist theorists of the twentieth century, is the pioneer of Marxism in Europe. Gramsci reconsidered many concepts that developed in the history of Western European political thought with a critical perspective and introduced new concepts. By identifying the deficiencies of Marxism, he tried to improve these deficiencies within a certain system. By analyzing the capitalist system, he pioneered a Marxist political theory with his contributions to Marxist thought in the context of concepts such as hegemony, civil society, state, historical bloc, and brought a difference to political theory in general. This study focuses on understanding and analyzing Gramsci's political theory and his contributions to Marxist thought, who wanted to develop a practice of thought and action in line with the spirit of the time by rejecting the dogmas of Marxism. At this point, first of all, Gramsci's life, intellectual development and philosophy were discussed, and then hegemony and the function of the state were focused on in the context of the continuity of a historical bloc determined by historical conditions.