Ibn Jinni's approach to exceptional uses in the Arab language

Since it is the language of the Quran, the divine book of Muslims, many Arabic language books have been written by both Arabs and Persians. In this way, the language has been preserved with its rules and has survived to the present day. Despite all these efforts, there is a large proportion of uses in the language that seem to be exceptional and unconventional. These uses can damage the structure of the language. Abu'l-Feth Osman b. Cinnî al-Mevsılî refers to exceptional usages in many parts of his work al-Ḫaṣâiṣ. In his work, which is also a source for language methodology, the author quotes verses, if any, about such uses, or he makes explanations by quoting from ignorant poetry or linguist teachers. When there is no evidence, he resorts to icmâ', rational inferences (ḳıyas) or evidences such as istishab, istihsân, 'ademu'n-nazîr, which he obtained by utilizing the methods of other Islamic sciences. In this way, many of them are trying to determine the authority of these uses, which are not illegal. In the thesis, Ibn Jinnî's approach to such exceptional usages is examined and the linguistic evidences on which it is based are tried to be determined. Such uses other than the original use; It has been seen that it is based on many factors ('illea) such as providing lightness in pronunciation, the use of synonymous words interchangeably, the widespread use among the people replacing the original rule over time. The explanations of the author, who approaches language from a philosophical point of view, by making some rational inferences, are also evaluated at the end of the relevant topic. The bases of the uses that seem to contradict the basic rules of the Arabic language are evaluated through the comments of the author.