Solon the Athenian and Aristoteles law and justice concept

Athenian Solon who lived between BC 640-560 was statesman and poet. In order to end the class fights in his age, he was appointed as the mediator to Archont of Athens. Solon was equipped with unlimited powers to prevent the clash between the two extreme socioeconomic classes in Athens and the newly emerging merchant class, peace coup attempts and ensure peace. For this purpose, he was assigned to make new laws. He has objectively observed the demands and values of different classes under the changing conditions of the age, and has made its laws aiming to please everyone. In his poems he praised moderation, justice, virtue and wisdom, and criticized the extremes of the life style and moral preferences of the people of Athens. By abolishing slavery, he spread the title of citizenship to the grassroots and tried to balance the aristocracy-democracy. He prepared the contents of the laws in a way to balance the attitudes of the people and presented a fair constitution to Athens. Aristotle (388-322 BC) handled human beings as a compound entity who consisting of spirit and body, and he analyzed how to achieve virtues and happiness as an activity style by following the footsteps of smart side of human being's soul. In addition to being a smart being by nature, being political requires human being to live with others. Therefore, this distinguishing feature determines justice as the most basic virtue of human. This virtue must exist in the structure of both the human and the state. Thus, continuity and happiness can be achieved. Justice should also be in laws and the constitution. Justice which taking into account the principle of equal share among equals, and unequal share among unequal, changes with regard to deciding who will be equal in the state or which constitution will remain in force. The criterion for the implementation of the constitution is that it iscompatible with the characters, attitudes and habits of the society to which it is bound. The best constitution will emerge in the state where virtuous individuals with moderate character a governed.