A study on the usability of the treatment sludge of waste water as additional fuel in cement factories

It is studied whether the treatment sludge of waste water is used as an additional fuel in the cement factories or not in the scope of the thesis.In the scope of the study on the usability of the treatment sludge as the additional fuel, the sludge characterization of the treatment sludge of ISKI waste waters for 5 months was evaluated and trial works were done as for pilot scale and industrial scale.In the trial works with pilot scale, firstly clinker was produced by using 100% LPG; then the Tuzla sludge was fed in 5% and 10% ratios and the Paşaköy sludge in 10% and 20% ratios. In the industrial scale studies, 6%, 4% of Ataköy sludge and 10% of Paşaköy sludge was fed as the additional fuel.In both studies, the physical and heavy metal analysis of the raw materials (raw meal, treatment sludge, etc.) used in the trial studies were made, the chemical, physical, mineralogical analysis and resistivity tests of the clinkers and cements produced were made and the chimney gas analysis studies were conducted. It was determined that the clinker and cement produced are in the quality limit values. It was determined that the dust, TOC, HCl, HF, SO2, and heavy metal and dioxin furan emissions are below the limit values given in SKHKKY and the other emissions except TOC emissions are belowthe limit values given in AYİY as a result of the measurements made in the facility with industrial scale.It is clearly seen that the treatment sludge may be used as the additional fuel during clinker production in cement production facilities as a result of the studied made. It was determined that the ratio of the sludge to be used as the additional fuel in the cement production is 10% within the limits determined for both not harming the clinker quality and according to the emission values as a result of the experimental studies made.Various wastes of a very diverse kind are used as fuel in cement industry. By using the wastes as additional fuel, conventional fuel savings and CO2 decreases are obtained as well as the pollutant emissions given to water, air and earth during regular storage of the wastes are decreased. Nevertheless the basic principles should be considered such as selecting the waste materials in a suitable way, comprehensive analysis procedures and preliminary treatment of the waste materials before considering the waste material usage. The evaluations and decisions should be based on the clinker production process and process conditions, raw material and fuel compositions, feeding points, the technique used for refining the chimney gases, the waste management problems faced and the requirements in the existing regulations. Because the fuel cinders are completely kept in the clinker, the quality standards should be defined for maintaining the quality standards of the clinker.