European Union asylum policy and its impact on Turkey's asylum policy

The European Union, which was founded on the basis of economic integration, has progressed gradually towards political integration with the aim of protecting its borders against irregular migration movements and tried to form a common migration policy in order to establish a more protected structure. However, these efforts were not effective until the 1990s. Despite the efforts taken to accelerate the establishment of common migration policy with the Dublin Convention and the Treaty of Amsterdam, the use of initiatives by the Member States in response to asylum requests and the fact that the first country from which asylum was requested carries out the assessment shows that it is not sufficient to create a common system. Migration and refugee issues have gained importance since the date Turkey was declared as a candidate country for EU membership at the Helsinki Summit in 1999. Also, the compliance framework which determines Turkey's responsibilities in the field of migration was declared by the Accession Partnership Document in 2001. The fluctuations in the political conjuncture throughout the process, especially as a result of the internal turmoil that has emerged in Syria since 2011, have led people to seek international protection in masses. In the face of this massive influx of immigrants, the EU has focused on cooperation in migration management with countries such as Turkey which is close to political conflict areas. In this context, the increasing number of people that are under temporary protection and asylum seekers has begun to further influence the existing migration policy and migration management patterns of Turkey. As a country in the accession process, Turkey keeps on harmonizing its laws on migration and asylum with the European Union. As a result, the phenomenon of migration is an important factor for understanding the structure of EU-Turkey relations. In this study, changing migration policies and reconstruction of migration management in the historical process were evaluated, and the effects of the EU Asylum Policy to Turkey were measured via literature and legislation review.