Evaluation of the modification and performance of a machine for shredding of vineyard wast

Diyarbakir province has an important place in terms of viticulture activities. Viticulture activities in the region are generally based on human manual labor. The use of mechanization is negligible. Therefore, the evaluation of vine pruning shoots and wastes in Diyarbakır creates significant problems in terms of both labor and cost. Within the scope of this thesis study on the evaluation of pruning wastes, the performance of the branch shredder operating by taking action from a thermal engine was evaluated. In the study, pruning wastes of Boğazkere, Öküzgözü and Şire grape varieties, which are widely grown in Diyarbakır region, were used. Work; It was carried out at three different revolutions of the engine (1500, 2000, 2500 rpm). Fuel consumption rate, specific fuel consumption, torque, power, capacity, emission, noise values depending on these rotation numbers and the dimensions of the pruning wastes that were shredded depending on the chopper blade revolutions were measured. In addition, shear force, shear stress, shear energy and specific energy consumption were determined for each variety. Hourly fuel consumption at 1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm; fuel consumption rate at 1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm; Boğazkere variety, 1.001, 1.681 and 1.922, 0.811, 1.293 and 1.633 kg/h for Öküzgözü variety, and 0.652 kg/h, 0.815 kg/h 1.287 kg for Şire variety, respectively. The values for power values at different revolutions per minute vary changed between 1.500 kW and 6.962 kW. While the moment values were recorded between 23.098 and 29.080 Nm for Boğazkere, it was changed between 18.708 and 22.601 Nm for Öküzgözü variety, it was recorded between 14.106 Nm and 17.802 Nm for Şire variety depend on rotational per minute. Depending on the variety and blade revolution, the machine capacity values were changed between 366 kg/h and 549.81 kg/h. The highest values of emission; it was obtained as % 0.294 for Carbon monoxide (CO), %12.6 for Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), 1048 ppm for Total Oxide (NOX) and 134 ppm for Hydrocarbon (HC). When the average noise values were examined, the highest value was measured as 107.43 decibels (dB) in Öküzgözü variety at 2500 rpm. Particle size distributions range from 12.5 mm to 50 mm. When the above-given values were examined in the performance evaluation of the branch shredder; Depending on the increase in the number of revolutions of the blades, fuel consumption rate, power, torque, capacity and noise values increased for all three types. In emission values, NOX values increased, but HC values decreased, and no change was observed in CO and CO₂ values. When the shear values were examined depending on the varieties and branch diameters; The highest shear force, shear stress and shear energy were obtained in Boğazkere variety,followed by Öküzgözü and Şire, respectively. Depending on the branch diameter, the shear force, shear stress and shear energy increased as the branch cross-sectional areas increased.