Effects of plant extracts and growth regulators on in vitro shoot regeneration of some indoor plant species

Objective: Phalaenopsis sp. attracts attention with its showy, colorful, and large flowers; however, the desired success in calyx production is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining seeds and the need for special conditions for germination. In species like Peperomia obtusifolia L. and Spathiphyllum sp., problems arise from the inability to achieve homogeneity in both seed and vegetative production, especially when mass production is required. Therefore, in vitro production becomes prominent in the commercial production of these species. Due to the intense use of chemicals in in vitro production, costs are high. This study aims to examine the effects of plant extracts on regeneration to reduce the use of intensive chemicals. Specifically, the study will investigate the effects of salicylic acid and nano titanium dioxide, which are new growth regulator derivatives of 6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron substances, as well as banana and coconut fruit extracts, on regeneration and shoot development in in vitro culture. Material and Method: In the study, depending on the species, leaf blade, petiole, flower stalk containing nodes, and rhizome parts were used as explants. Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium was supplemented with TDZ (3 mg/L), BAP (2 mg/L), indole butyric acid NAA (1 mg/L), SA (1 mM), and Nano TiO2 (30 mg/L). Twelve different culture nutrient media combinations were prepared by adding banana puree extract (10% v/v), coconut extract (10% v/v), and activated charcoal (1 g), and the explants were cultured. Cultured explants were incubated for 8-12 weeks under 14/10 light/dark conditions at a temperature of 24 ± 2°C. Results: For Phalaenopsis sp., there was no significant difference in the number of shoots per explant among the different applications, with the number of shoots ranging between 1 and 1.22 units per explant. In Peperomia sp., the highest shoot formation was obtained from the O6 application, with 6.23 units per explant. In Spathiphyllum sp., the highest shoot formation was achieved with the O1 culture medium application, resulting in 8 units per explant. Key Words: Banana extract, Coconut extract, In vitro, Peperomia sp., Phalaenopsis sp., RegenerationSpathiphyllum sp.