Effects of some pesticides on germination and seedling development of Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf. seeds

This study was carried out to determine the effects of pesticide application on germination and early seedling growth in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Ceyhan 99) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv Ege 88). Concentrations of 0, 5, 25, 50 and 100 ppm of S-Metolachlor, Phosmet and Pyridaben were applied to wheat varieties under controlled conditions during seven days. It has been observed that the applied pesticides have negative effects on the germination of wheat varieties. In addition to being dose-dependent in general, these effects were found to differ between wheat cultivars and pesticide types. Germination index calculations showed that there were differences between pesticide types and wheat cultivars. According to the calculations of the obtained response indexes, these results were clearly seen. In addition, it was determined that the mean germination times showed differences between pesticide types and wheat varieties. It was determined that root, stem and root+stem lengths of wheat decreased due to the increase in concentration under the influence of pesticides. Considering the root, stem and root+stem lengths, it was determined that the reductions in growth were generally S-Metolachlor > Phosmet > Pyridaben compared to the control. It was found that the decreases in the vigor indices of wheat were also in the order of S-Metolachlor > Phosmet > Pyridaben. Dry weights of wheat cultivars also decreased under the pesticide effect. As a result, it was determined that there were differences according to the type and concentration of pesticide applied on germination and early seedling growth of wheats.