In vitro conservation of embryogenic callus obtained from some citrus species and determination of their genetic stability by using rapd marker

In this research, in vitro conservation in slow growth conditons of ovule-derived embryogenic callus from ten different citrus species and possibilities of developing in to shoots and plantlets from these calli at different conservation periods (30, 60, 90 days) is studied. After in vitro conservation molecular analysis was performed on obtained shoot and plantlets, and determined genetic stability during in vitro conservation conditions. Embryogenic calli were obtained from ovule cultured 2-8 weeks after anthesis. Callus formation ratio of citrus species used on the thesis were taken in to consideration; at the treatment of first year; C. aurantium (% 52) and P. trifoliata (% 40) had the highest callus formation rate. While C. medica (% 9) had the lowest callus formation rate, C. ichangensis had no callus formation. At the treatment of second year; as the first year treatment, C. aurantium (% 52) and P. trifoliata (% 40) had highest callus formation ratio, C. medica had the lowest callus formation rate (% 5), C. grandis had no callus formation. Callus weight of citrus species used on the thesis was taken in to consideration, at the first year C. aurantium (0.90 g) and P. trifoliata (0.85 g) had the highest callus weight ratio. Other species had no difference from viewpoint of callus weight as statistically. At the second year; C. aurantium (0.55 g), P. trifoliata (0.25 g) and C. ichangensis (0.24 g) had the highest callus weight. Viewpoint of development ratio in to shoot and plantlet, at the first year treatment; shoots and plantlets were obtained from 30, 60, 90 daily calli of E. glauca as % 60 (3/5), %90.5 (19/21), % 100 (10/10) respectively and P. trifolita as % 75 (6/8), % 100 (6/6), % 97.7 (11/12) respectively. At the second year treatment 25, 27, 9 shoots (E. glauca), 3, 3, 0 shoots (P. trifoliata), 3, 1, 0 shoots (C. reticulata) and 1, 0, 2 shoots (C. ichangensis) were obtained form 30, 60, 90 daily calli respectively. At the end of thesis, genetically stability of shoots and plantlets obtain from callus was determined by RAPD makers and it was understood that recovery they was true to the type. Totally 21 RAPD primers were used, 8 primers couldn?t consdered to give unexpected amplification. Thirteen primers which is considered gave totally 33 bands. Key Words: Citrus, Embryogenic callus, BAP, in vitro conservation, genetic stability