The effects of anter and two different shed-microsports cultures in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) breeding on the pure line achievement in capia pepper and bell pepper

The pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) which has solanaceae family is very important vegetable in our country because of high adaption ability, avantages about economic and growing fields. Agriculture fields low because of population growth will be serious trouble. The goal is for need food, is produced high product from unit area because of with low agricultural fields. In this reason, the studies about plant breeding and tissue culture was so important in recent years. This vegetable group which valuable economy be important issue with developments new varieties about resistance of disease and pestisit, high quality and yield. In this reasons, using classical breeding methods because of goal gain new varieties to our producer, consumer and country. In recent years, biotechnology methods was gain so signifance because of studies about classical breeding methods be long years, high cost and seed produce be difficult stage. The plant tissue culture which between biotechnology methods and very be popular in recent year prefer for using of breeding new varieties, healthy and short produce to commercial varieties and new varieties. The haploid plant which inside tissue culture is so important techniques and is take turn to studies about plant breeding. In this study, was choiced two different genotypes which bell pepper and capia pepper suitable for green house in autumn and spring seasons. Used bell pepper genotypes Doğanay F1 and Tesla F1, capia pepper genotypes Serenad F1 and Demrisa F1. In this study, prepared 3 different medias. Used for anther culture basic media was P1 and microspore cultures basic media P2 and P3. In this study, prepared 3 different medias. Used for anther culture basic media was P1 and microspore cultures basic media P2 and P3. In this study, for P1 basic media 4 mg/l NAA, 0,5 mg/l BAP, % 0,25 activated carbon, 30 g/l sucrose and 15 mg/l AgNO3, for P2 basic media 2,5 µm/l Zeatin, 5 µm/l IAA + 20 g/l maltose and %1 activated carbon and P3 basic media and for P3 basic media 0,1 mg/l Kinetin, 0,004 mg/l 2,4-D, 30 g/l sucrose and % 0,5 activated carbon was used for microspore cultures. At anther culture of study in P1, anthers were subjected to heat pretreatment during for 2 days at +35°C temperature. Petri dishes belong to anther culture were transferred to growth chamber having 25°C, 16 h light / 8 h dark photoperiod and 3000 lux illumination. At microspore culture of study in P2, anthers were subjected to heat pretreatment during for 4 days at +4°C temperature. It has been then kept in the dark at 28°C until embryo formation. At microspore culture of study in P3, anthers were subjected to heat pretreatment during for 2 days at +35°C temperature. It has been then kept in the dark at 28°C until embryo formation. At anther culture of study in P1, anthers were subjected to heat pretreatment during for 2 days at +35°C temperature. Petri dishes belong to anther culture were transferred to growth chamber having 25°C, 16 h light / 8 h dark photoperiod and 3000 lux illumination. At microspore culture of study in P2, anthers were subjected to heat pretreatment during for 4 days at +4°C temperature. It has been then kept in the dark at 28°C until embryo formation. At microspore culture of study in P3, anthers were subjected to heat pretreatment during for 2 days at +35°C temperature. It has been then kept in the dark at 28°C until embryo formation. As a result of the study, shed microspore culture is more successful than anther culture for be haploid embryo and haploid plant in bell pepper and capia pepper. Capia pepper was the best to answer than bell pepper in anther culture and microspore culture. In terms of their response to anther culture among the studied cultivars, the first embryo observation in P1 medium was observed at a rate of % 0.5 in Serenad F1 cultivar. According to the evaluations made in P2 and P3 media of microspore cultures, a total of 7 embryos of capia pepper type were obtained from P3 media. Doğanay F1 variety from the stuffed pepper type did not respond positively to both haploid embryo and haploid plant production in shed microspore culture as in P2 medium. As a result of these results, it was determined that the hormones used in the P2 and P3 environments and the pre-application were important. As a result of this study, it was determined that the anther culture method was more successful than the shed microspore method in the formation of haploid embryos and haploid plants in capia and bell pepper types. In anther culture and shed microspore cultures, capia pepper type was the pepper type that gave the best response compared to the stuffed pepper type.