Effect of season on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) anther culture and microspor development

This study was carried out at the Greenhouse and Tissue Culture Laboratory of Alata Horticultural Research Institute and the Histology Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, the Faculty of Agriculture of the Çukurova University between 2009 and 2010. Pure line three pepper genotypes tolerant genotypes (421) and intolerant one (195) to lower temperatures, intolerant (277A) to higher temperatures and tolerant Inan 3363 cv. derived from a joint study between our department and Alata Horticultural Research Institute were employed in the present study. Two different culture media were used. The anthers were cultured at different periods (12 months) in order to determine the highest embryo stimulation and haploid plant regeneration in the examined four genotypes. Embryos were transferred to culture media hormone free transform to plant. In addition to all anthers were taken on 0.,1.,2.,3.,4.,8., and 14. days of February, May, August and October and fixed with carnoy?s solution. Development of microspores were observed cytologically using 4?-6-diamidino-2-phenylindol-2HCl (DAPI) and asetocarmen stain.At the end of the study, it was determined that both embryo development and haploid plant development varied depend on genotype, anther cultivation period and culture medium. The highest embryo ratio was obtained from İnan 3363 cultivar variety that tolerant genotypes to high temperature. The anthers cultured in April and August gave the most yielding results compared to the other periods. The more embryos were obtained from the first medium (Murashige and Skoog + 30 g/l sakaroz + 0.25 % active coal + 15 mg/l silver nitrate + 4 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid + 1 mg/0.1 benzyl amino purin) in the November, December, January, April and September and second medium (Murashige and Skoog + 30 g/l sakaroz + 0.25 % active coal + 15 mg/l silver nitrate + 4 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid + 1 mg/0.5 benzyl amino purin) in October, March, May, July and August. Propotion of empty microspore increased as from first day of culture. Division of nucleus begun on the first day of anther culture.