Baku as a coastal settlement: Geograptic potential of coastal areas

Coastal zones are narrow transitional areas connecting land and sea environments and are the most productive and voluable ecosystem in the world. Throughout history, coastal areas have been the most economically and culturally privileged areas and have played and important role in the country's development by boosting socio-economic and social development. 60% of the world's the largest cities are located in coastal areas, and 40% of the world's population lives within 100 kilometers of coastal areas. In this research, the geographical features and potential of land use of Baku as settlement's been closely studied. Our research area where located on Absheron peninsula, Baku, covers an area of 2040 kilometers. There are 12 districts, namely Binegedi, Garadag, Hazar, Sebail, Sabuncu, Surakhani, Narimanov, Nesimi, Nizami, Pirallahi, Khetai and Yasamal and a total of 59 city settlements in these districts. The main aim of our research is to determine the potential of the coastal areas of Baku with geographical methods and principles, to detect using of natural potential, to identify the land uses and the problems arising from the use of these coastal areas and to propose solutions to these problems. Our research area where along the Caspian Sea, Baku is our the biggest urbanization area. Baku's influence increased and this increasing cause to changes in using of land and issues of environmental. In this researc which elucidates the geographical patantiol of shores of Baku, primarily physical and human factors affecting the east and emphasized, then parterns of using of land and planing of coastal in the region and discussed. As coastal areas continue to grow in influence and industrial development, increasing environmental pressure from multiple sources is rapidly destroying coastal areas. For this reason, the coasts are used in a way that is healthy and increases the quality of life of the society. Aware of this, countries are developing a comprehensive coastal policy to protect these uniquely beautiful areas by presenting their shores to their peoples in the best possible way and using their shores in the most efficient way without destroying natural structures. Planned and ecologically clean land use methods and coastal policy are implemented in the coastal areas of Baku for sustainable use.