Investigation of the effect of biopsychosocial factors on diabetes output

Today, especially lifestyle changes and increasing obesity rates result in an increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known worldwide as one of the most complex chronic diseases and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Considering the many risk factors that affect the management of Type 2 DM, a multidisciplinary and holistic approach is essential to maximize the care of diabetic individuals. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of biopsychosocial factors of the individual on diabetes outcomes in order to contribute to diabetes management. The population of the cross-sectional and descriptive study consisted of type 2 diabetic individuals over the age of 18 who applied to the Fırat Medical Faculty hospital for follow-up and treatment. In the Student's t-test-based Power analysis test (G-power 3.1 package program), the population of the study was calculated as at least 106 diabetic patients with power=0.80 (beta=0.05), alpha=0.05, and effect size (d=0.55). 210 volunteer participants were included in the study between November 2021 and March 2022. The biopsychosocial characteristics of the participants; sociodemographic questionnaire form, beck depression inventory, multidimensional perceived social support scale (MSPSS), general self-efficacy scale (GSE) and diabetes self-care activities scale (DSCA). Biochemical parameters of all participants were obtained for the evaluation of diabetes outcomes. The mean age of the 210 participants included in the study was 60.49±10.69 years, and the median HbA1c values were 7.75% (5.50-15.00). Years with diabetes were longer in the uncontrolled diabetes group (p=0.001). The median Beck depression inventory score was higher in patients with any diabetic complication (p<0.001). Individuals without any complications had higher GSE scale scores (p=0.005). There was a significant negative correlation between the participants' DSCA total score and Beck depression inventory score, and a positive correlation between the GSE scale and MSPSS scale scores. As a result, participants with high self-efficacy scale scores were associated with diabetic complications. While high Beck depression inventory score was associated with low diabetes self-care score, individuals' general self-efficacy and high perception of social support were associated with increased diabetic self-care scores. Reducing the depressive mood of diabetic individuals and increasing their self-efficacy can positively affect diabetes outcomes and reduce complications. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, holistic approach, social support, depression, self-care