The vowels in the contemporary Turkic dialects

Language is based on sounds, because language is a living thing that exists first of all with sounds at the surface structure. This living thing has changes and evolutions in terms of its sounds, forms, word order and vocabulary in the course of time due to various reasons. Turkish has also undergone some changes in its vocabulary, phonology and even some small changes in its grammar and sentence structure due to both the internal factors which have generated during its own development process and the external factors such as changing geography, religion and alphabet. If these changes and evolutions that happened in the course of time are taken into consideration, the ones that have been affected by the internal and the external factors most are the phonemes and phonemic system of Turkish.Identifying the phonological changes in the language is very significant. Because defining a language in terms of the quality and the quantity of its sounds and identifying common and differing sounds by explaining the changes and evolutions that have happened in that language in the course of time have positive impacts on the development and the spread of that language. Paralell to this, a proper identification of the phonological changes in Turkish will have a positive contribution to the development Turkish by playing an efficient role in the identification of the similarities and differences between the old periods of Turkish and the contemporary Turkish, in reaching a phonological and writing consensus on Turkish which is evolving with various writing systems today, and in ascertaining what kind of structure Turkish sound system has.This study which is carried out to identify the phonological changes in Turkish is restricted with the vowels only, and deals with the vowels and the phonological cases that occur in these vowels of the contemporary Turkic dialects. In this study, which aims a comperative analysis of the vowels of the contemporary Turkic dialects in terms of their phonological characteristics, the similarities of the dialects in terms of vowels, the phonological links and differences between them are tried to be explicated.This study is made of three parts. These parts are as respectively follow: the first part which Intoduction, Turkish Language and Turkic Dialects, The Concept of Vowel and The Vowels in Turkish Language, The Phonological Characteristics of The Vowels in Turkic Dialects; the second part which includes the Phonological Appearances of The Vowels and the Phonological Cases in Vowels; and the conclusion part in which the findings that are obtained from the second part are given. The study also has a bibliography that presents the resources that are used in the study.Key Words: Contemporary Turkic Dialects, vowels, phonological cases.