Different combination treaments to improve germination and emergence performance on seeds of Eremurus spectabilis M.Bieb.

In the study, different applications were carried out to increase germination and emergence performance of Eremurus spectabilis seeds. For this purpose, giberellic acid (GA3) (500 and 750 ppm - 24 and 48 hours), potassium nitrate (KNO3) (5 mM- 24 and 48 hours) calcium chloride (CaCl2) (5 mM - 24 and 48 hours), in different nutrient media (MS, B5 and WH) in vitro germination and seed tip cutting applications with cold (4ºC) stratification treatments for different periods (30, 50, 80 and 100 days) were made. In 24 hour GA3 applications, the highest germination (21.04 %.) and emergence rate (21.04 %.) was obtained from 100 days cold stratification at 500 ppm GA3 dose. The effect of GA3 doses at 48 hours; germination and emergence rate values of GA3 dose was not found to be effective, the highest germination rate 500 ppm (20.36 %) and 750 ppm (20.00 %) GA3 doses at 100 days cold stratification; the best emergence rate was provided 500 ppm GA3 + 100 days cold stratification treatments (18.51 %). In 5 mM KNO3 applications; germination (11.12%) and emergence (9.71%) ratio, radicle (0.29 cm), hypocotyl (3.00 cm) and seedling length (3.29 cm) and vigor index in the 100 days cold stratification at 48 hours KNO3 applications were more successful. In 5 mM CaCl2 applications; germination (10.17 %) and emergence rate (8.37 %) in terms of 24 hour CaCl2 treatments were found to be more successful. While hopeful results could not be obtained from in vitro germination trials, seed tip cutting applications were identified as the most successful treatment among all applications. Keywords: CaCl2, Cold stratification, Eremurus spectabilis, KNO3, Seed.