Evaluation of plasma levels of adropin, soluble ctla-4, CD28, CD80 and CD86 costimulator molecules in acute asthma in childhood

Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease and is a chronic and inflammatory airway disease in which many cell components play a role. CD28, CTLA-4 and B7 costimulatory patellas have an important role in the development of airways hypersensitivity and airway inflammation in asthma. These pathways provide second key signals that regulate T-cell responses to fine tuning, inhibition and activation. In this study, it was aimed to give a new perspective to the diagnosis and treatment approach of adropin, soluble CTLA-4, sCD28, sCD80 and sCD86 levels in childhood acute asthma attack determining the severity of asthma exacerbation in children. In the study aged 6-18 years, 42 asthmatic children as a study group and 40 healthy children as a control group participated. The patient group was divided into two groups as allergic and non-allergic. Adropin, soluble CTLA-4, sCD28, sCD80, and sCD86 levels were measured in three vials of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Measurements were compared between patient and control groups and between themselves. Eosinophil count (%), serum total IgE averages, respiratory function test parameters were analyzed in the light of plasma concentrations of soluble costimulant molecules. A correlation analysis was conducted to measure the degree and extent of the relationship between the variables. When the statistical difference between the groups was examined in terms of absolute eosinophil counts, significance was determined. In the post hoc analyzes, this difference was found to be due to group I (p <0.05). The same has been observed in the evaluation of eosinophil percentages. No statistically significant difference was found for all SFT parameters when compared separately for group I and group II (p> 0,05). However, all other SFT parameters except FEV1 / FVC and between group were statistically significant originating from group III (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the CTLA-4, sCD28, sCD80 and sCD86 measurements in all groups, ie, CTLA-4, sCD28, sCD80 and sCD86 measurements in different groups (p> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between the mean plasma concentrations of CTLA-4, sCD28, sCD80 and sCD86 measured at different times in the study groups without group discrimination at 0.05 level. A strong positive correlation was found between sCD-28 with sCD-86 (r = 0.679, p <0.01) and sCD-80 with sCD-86 (r = 0.822, p <0.01) in acute asthmatic attacks at first visit . As a result; plasma sCTLA-4, sCD28, sCD86 and sCD80 may be potential markers for the measurement of asthma exacerbations in children. Our study provides an overview of the role of costimulatory molecules in T-cell activation in asthma and supports the need for further horizontal studies with larger patient groups. In addition, advanced molecular studies should be supported on the location of adropin in the pathogenesis of asthma and investigations should be planned by controlling confounding factors with wider patient groups. Besides, reference intervals should be determined according to differences such as age, sex, ethnicity. Key words: Asthma, Adropin, CTLA-4, CD28, CD80, CD86.